Sicily in English. The largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, located between the southern tip of Italy and Africa. An Italian region facing the Italian mainland across the narrow Strait of Messina. An extension of the Apennine Mountains, it is made up of undulating hills, with the Nebrodi Mountains in the northeast. A plain opens up in the central east coast near Catania, and Mount Etna rises to the north. It has a typical Mediterranean climate, and grapes, olives, oranges, and lemons are cultivated along the coast. Sulfur and oil are also produced. Inland, large landowners dominate, and grain and sheep farming are practiced. The large tenant class managed the land and maintained public order, which is thought to have been a factor in the emergence of the Mafia. Between the end of the 19th century and World War I, more than one million immigrants went to the United States, and from the late 1950s, a large number of immigrants to northern Italy began to appear. Despite various government improvement measures, the Sicilian economy has not escaped from difficulties. Blessed with natural scenery and many historical heritage sites, it has become a tourist destination in recent years. The name comes from the indigenous Sicilians, and it was a trading post for the ancient Phoenicians, but the Greeks established a colony in the 8th century BC. It was then ruled by Carthage, Rome, Byzantium, and Islamic forces, before the Kingdom of Sicily was established in the 12th century. From 1282 until it was liberated by Garibaldi's Thousand in 1860, it was mainly under the control of the Spanish royal families of Aragon and Bourbon. It was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. Capital: Palermo. Area: 25,708 km2 . Population: 5,002,904 (2011). →Related articles Italy | Catania | Syracuse | Messina Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
英語ではシシリーSicily。イタリア南端,アフリカとの間にある地中海最大の島。狭いメッシナ海峡を隔ててイタリア本土と対するイタリアの一州。アペニン山脈の延長部で,波状丘陵をなし,北東部にネブロディ山脈がある。東岸中央部,カタニア付近に平野が開け,その北にエトナ山がそびえる。典型的な地中海式気候で沿岸部ではブドウ,オリーブ,オレンジ,レモンの栽培が行われる。硫黄,石油の産出もある。内陸部は大土地所有が支配的で穀作と牧羊が行われる。大借地人層が土地の管理と治安の維持にあたったため,マフィアが出現する要因となったと考えられる。19世紀末から第1次世界大戦までの間に100万を超す移民が米国へ渡り,1950年代後半からは大量の北イタリアへの移民が生じた。政府の種々の改善策にもかかわらずシチリア経済は困難から脱出していない。自然の景観に恵まれ,歴史的遺産も多く,近年は観光地化が進展している。名は先住民であるシケロス人に由来し,古代フェニキア人の貿易拠点であったが,前8世紀ころギリシア人が植民市を建設。次いでカルタゴ,ローマ,ビザンティン,イスラム勢力などの支配を経て,12世紀にシチリア王国が成立。1282年から1860年にガリバルディの千人隊に解放されるまで主にスペインのアラゴン王家,ブルボン王家の支配下にあった。1861年イタリア王国に併合。州都パレルモ。2万5708km2。500万2904人(2011)。 →関連項目イタリア|カターニア|シラクザ|メッシナ 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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