A type of electron tube. It uses the power of electrons to amplify, detect, oscillate, and perform other functions. It includes phototubes and magnetrons, but generally refers to receiving and transmitting tubes and has three basic electrodes: an anode, a cathode, and a grid. The diode tube was created by JA Fleming in 1904, and the triode was invented by De Forest in 1906. Later, tetrodes and pentodes with shielding grids and suppression grids, and composite tubes with two or more sets of electrodes in the same container were created, laying the foundation for the electronics era. Diode tubes use the unidirectional flow of electrons from the cathode to the anode to rectify alternating current. When the voltage applied between the cathode and the control grid is changed, the anode current changes (the curve showing this relationship is called the characteristic curve of the vacuum tube), and there is a part where the anode current is directly proportional (shown as a straight line). This part is used for amplification, and the curved part is used for detection. They also perform functions such as frequency conversion, where a high-frequency voltage of a certain frequency is applied to one grid and a voltage of a different frequency is applied to the other grid, and a frequency voltage corresponding to the difference between these is extracted from the anode, switching functions to switch circuits or information, and oscillation functions by generating self-excited vibration. However, with the development of transistors, they gradually came to be replaced by vacuum tube voltmeters. → Vacuum tube voltmeter / vacuum discharge → Related items Phototube | Photomultiplier tube | Triode tube | Multi-electrode tube | Active element | Beam tube | Composite tube | Miniature tube Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
電子管の一つ。内部を高度の真空として電極を封入,電子の働きを利用して増幅・検波・発振などの種々の用に供する。光電管・磁電管なども含まれるが,一般には受信管および送信管をさし,陽極・陰極・グリッドの3種の基本的電極をもつ。1904年J.A.フレミングにより二極管が作られ,1906年デ・フォレストにより三極管が発明された。その後遮蔽(しゃへい)グリッド・抑制グリッドなどをもつ四極管・五極管,同一容器内に2組以上の電極群をもつ複合管などが作られエレクトロニクス時代を生む基盤を作った。二極管は陰極より陽極に流れる一方向の電子流を利用して交流の整流に使用される。陰極・制御グリッド間に加えた電圧を変化させると陽極電流が変化するが(この関係を示す曲線をその真空管の特性曲線という),それが正比例の関係(直線で示される)をもつ部がある。この部を利用して増幅作用を,湾曲部を利用して検波作用を行わせる。また一つのグリッドに一定周波数の高周波電圧を加え,他のグリッドに異なる周波数の電圧を加えて陽極からこれらの差にあたる周波数電圧をとり出す周波数変換作用,回路または情報を切り換えるスイッチ作用,自励振動を発生させての発振作用などを行う。しかしトランジスターの発達後は次第にそれに交替されるに至った。→真空管電圧計/真空放電 →関連項目光電管|光電子増倍管|三極管|多極管|能動素子|ビーム管|複合管|ミニアチュア管 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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