Car rental - Shashaku

Japanese: 車借 - しゃしゃく
Car rental - Shashaku

A transportation company that used oxcarts and was active in the Middle Ages. They are also called "kurumagashi." In "Shin Sarugakuki," it is written that a man named Ochikatabe Tsugoro was active as a kuruma-sha in Otsu and Mitsu in the east and Yodonowatashi and Yamazaki in the west, so the existence of kuruma-sha in the Kyoto area in the late Heian period is already known. Furthermore, "Teikinourai" lists those from Toba and Shirakawa as representative kuruma-sha. Kuruma-sha were often affiliated with temples and shrines, and according to "Kitanoshake Hikitsuke," a record of Kitano Shrine's family from the Muromachi period, those from Kyoto's Imakoji and Nijobomon Karasuma belonged to the shrine in 1489. In mountainous Japan, transportation by horse-drawn carriages was the main method of transportation rather than by carts, but even in the early modern period, oxcarts were still in use between Otsu, Kyoto, and Fushimi. However, in the 18th century, oxcarts began to be used and developed more widely than carts.

[Atsuko Suzuki]

"Transportation History" edited by Toyoda Takeshi et al. (Systematic Japanese History Series 24, 1970, Yamakawa Publishing) "Merchants and Transportation in the Middle Ages" (Toyoda Takeshi Collected Works Volume 3, 1983, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中世に活躍した牛車(ぎっしゃ)を利用する輸送業者。「くるまがし」ともいう。『新猿楽記』には、越方部(おちかたべ)津五郎という人物が、東は大津・三津、西は淀渡(よどのわたし)・山崎の間で車借として活動していたとあり、すでに平安後期の京都周辺での車借の存在が知られる。さらに『庭訓往来(ていきんおうらい)』では車借の代表として鳥羽(とば)・白河(しらかわ)のものをあげている。車借は寺社に所属することが多く、室町期の北野神社社家の記録である『北野社家引付(ひきつけ)』によると、長享(ちょうきょう)3年(1489)に京都今小路・二条坊門烏丸(からすま)のものが同社に所属していた。山がちの日本では車借より馬借による運搬が主力であったが、近世に入っても、大津、京都、伏見(ふしみ)間では牛車が活躍していた。しかし18世紀に入ると牛車にかわって大八車が普及、発達するようになった。

[鈴木敦子]

『豊田武他編『交通史』(『体系日本史叢書24』1970・山川出版社)』『『中世の商人と交通』(『豊田武著作集 第3巻』1983・吉川弘文館)』

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