Claim - Enspruch (English) German

Japanese: 請求権 - せいきゅうけん(英語表記)Anspruch ドイツ語
Claim - Enspruch (English) German

A right to demand a certain action (commitment or omission) from another person. However, a claim right is not a substantial right concept like real rights, credits, or kinship rights, but a dynamic right concept (i.e., something asserted in court) that arises from something. Therefore, all claims arise on the basis of substantial rights. For example, when there is an infringement of ownership rights as a substantial right, a right to remove interference based on ownership arises to eliminate it, or when a sales contract is concluded, a right to claim the purchase price and a right to claim performance arise based on it. A claim right is also different from a right of control, which is the control over an object, and is a right to demand a certain action from an obligor. Therefore, while a right of control is called an absolute right, a claim right is called a relative right. In addition, there are cases where a claim right is interpreted as a formative right, such as the right to claim a reduction in the purchase price (Civil Code Article 563, Paragraph 1) and the right to claim the purchase of a building (Land and House Lease Law Article 13).

[Takahisa Awaji]

[Reference] | Right to form | Right to control

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ある人が他の人に対して一定の行為(作為・不作為)を要求する権利。しかし、請求権は、物権、債権、親族権などのような実体的な権利概念ではなく、これから生ずるものとして動的に(すなわち、裁判上主張されるものとして)観念された権利概念である。したがって請求権は、すべて実体的な権利を基礎として生じる。たとえば、実体的な権利としての所有権の侵害があった場合に、それを排除するため所有権に基づく妨害排除請求権が生じ、あるいは売買契約が結ばれると、それに基づいて売買代金請求権や給付請求権が生じるなどである。請求権はまた、客体に対する支配を内容とするところの支配権とも異なり、義務者に対し一定の行為を要求する権利である。したがって、支配権が絶対権とよばれるのに対して、請求権は相対権とよばれる。なお請求権とよばれながら形成権と解されるものとして、売買代金減額請求権(民法563条1項)、建物買取請求権(借地借家法13条)などがある。

[淡路剛久]

[参照項目] | 形成権 | 支配権

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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