New India Law - New India Law

Japanese: インディアス新法 - いんでぃあすしんぽう

...In addition, the 18th century saw a major shift in the mother country's colonial policy, resulting in the creation of many laws that contradicted the "Compendium." Thus, the need to compile a new legal code was felt, but only the first part of the "New Code of the Indies," completed at the end of the 18th century, was put into effect, and the rest remained in draft form. Meanwhile, the mother country's legislation, which attempted to regulate the New World in a unified manner, ended up ignoring the diverse realities of the colonies, and often encountered strong resistance from the colonial officials who were the direct executors, forcing it to make concessions. ...

From [Encomienda]

...This was reinforced ideologically by the movement to protect the indigenous people, which spread rapidly among Spanish monks and intellectuals, including Las Casas, who denounced the encomienda system as the root cause of the mass deaths of the indigenous people. The result of this was the New Law of the Indies (Law of the Indies) of 1542, and after its repeal, private labor was once again prohibited in 1549, and then the trusteeship rights were confiscated one by one as the holders died. Around this time, the indigenous population was decreasing further, and the economic power of the encomenderos, who relied on the poll tax, weakened. The collection of the tax was also transferred to the hands of royal officials, and the encomenderos became like pensioners who only received a fixed amount of money.

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the "New Indias Law" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…そのうえ，18世紀に入ると本国の対植民地政策が大きく転換し，〈集成〉とは矛盾する多くの法令が生まれた。かくして，新たな法典編纂の必要に迫られたが，18世紀末に完成した〈インディアス新法典〉は，わずかにその第1編のみが施行され，他は草案にとどまった。　一方，新大陸を統一的に規制しようとする本国の立法は，植民地の多様な現実を無視する結果となり，しばしば直接の執行者たる植民地官吏の強い抵抗に遭い，譲歩を余儀なくされた。…

【エンコミエンダ】より

…これを思想面で補強したのが，ラス･カサスをはじめとするスペインの修道士，知識人の間に急速に広まった先住民保護の動きであり，彼らは先住民の大量死の元兇としてエンコミエンダ制を指弾した。1542年のインディアス新法(インディアス法)がその結実であり，その撤回後，49年にあらためて私賦役を禁じ，次いで保有者が死ぬごとに各個撃破で信託権を没収していった。このころ先住民人口はいよいよ減少し，人頭税たる貢租に依存するエンコメンデロの経済力は衰え，その徴収業務も王の官吏の手に移り，エンコメンデロは一定額を受納するだけの，年金生活者のような存在になりさがってゆく。…

※「インディアス新法」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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