Snow erosion - Snow erosion

Japanese: 雪食作用 - せっしょくさよう
Snow erosion - Snow erosion

Erosion caused by the movement of remaining snow or snow layers. Also called nivation. In the periphery of snowfields and snow fields where remaining snow remains for a long time, the repeated freezing and thawing of meltwater breaks down the rocks, and the finely crushed rock debris is carried away by the meltwater. The topsoil saturated with meltwater also becomes mushy and slowly moves downslope. This phenomenon is called gelifluction or solifluction. This snow erosion causes the depressions in the snowfields and snow fields to gradually expand, forming depressions called snow depressions. On steep mountain slopes, on the other hand, erosion can be seen in which the snow layers that have accumulated on the slopes fall in avalanches, stripping away the topsoil and gouging out the bedrock. Also, when frozen snowfields slide under their own weight, they make shallow scratches on the bedrock at the base. However, this type of snow erosion is weaker than erosion by glaciers (glacial erosion), and snow erosion alone does not carve deep cirques or deep grooves in the bedrock.

[Yugo Ono]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

残雪または積雪層の移動によって生じる侵食作用。ニベーションnivationともいう。残雪が遅くまで残る雪渓や雪田(せつでん)の周辺部では、雪融(ど)け水が凍結、融解を繰り返すことによって岩石が破砕され、細かく砕かれた岩屑(がんせつ)は雪融け水によって運搬される。また雪融け水で飽和された表土は、どろどろになってゆっくりと斜面の下方へ移動する。この現象はジェリフラクションgelifluctionまたはソリフラクションsolifluctionとよばれる。こうした雪食作用によって、雪渓、雪田のあるくぼみはしだいに拡大され、雪窪(ゆきくぼ)とよばれる凹地をつくる。一方、急な山地斜面では、斜面にたまった積雪層が雪崩(なだれ)落ちるときに表土をはぎとったり、岩盤をえぐったりする侵食作用がみられる。また、氷化した雪渓も、自体の重みで滑るとき、底面の岩盤に浅いすり傷をつける。しかしこれらの雪食作用は、氷河による侵食(氷食作用)に比べると弱く、雪食作用だけで深いカール(圏谷(けんこく))や岩盤の上の深い溝が掘られることはない。

[小野有五]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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