Sinanthropus (English spelling)

Japanese: シナントロプス(英語表記)Sinanthropus
Sinanthropus (English spelling)
A fossil human excavated from a limestone cave near Zhoukoudian, southwest of Beijing, China. Peking Man. In recent years, it has been called Homo erectus pekinensis . Johan G. Anderson discovered animal bones in 1921, and O. Zdanski discovered two teeth in 1923. From 1928, Pei Wenzhong and others excavated 14 skulls, 11 mandible fragments, teeth, and limb bones. The discovery of these bones attracted worldwide attention, and was studied in detail by Davidson Black and Franz Weidenreich. The skull is thick and sturdy, with a strongly developed supraorbital ridge and occipital ridge, and a low forehead, but higher than that of Pithecanthropus. It has a protognathic jaw, no chin, and large teeth, but no protruding canines. Its brain capacity is estimated to be about 1000 cm3 . Although not many limb bones have been excavated, there are few differences between them and modern humans, and it is believed that they were capable of walking completely upright on two legs. Many other large animal fossils from the Middle Pleistocene, such as elephants, rhinoceroses, and siberian reptiles, have also been discovered. They date from about 770,000 years ago to about 230,000 years ago. Culturally, they had their own unique Zhoukoudian culture, a somewhat primitive Early Paleolithic culture, and are also well known for being the first place where the use of fire was recognized. Along with Pithecanthropus, they belong to the hominid species. With the outbreak of the Pacific War in December 1941, these fossil specimens went missing, but new bones were found when excavations were resumed after the war.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
中国,北京の南西郊,周口店の近くの石灰岩洞窟から発掘された化石人類。北京原人。近年はホモ・エレクトゥス・ペキネンシス Homo erectus pekinensis という。1921年にヨハン・G.アンダーソンが動物の骨を,また 1923年に O.ズダンスキーが 2本の歯を発見した。その後 1928年から裴文中らによって 14個の頭骨,11個の下顎骨片,歯,四肢骨などが発掘された。この骨の発見は世界的に注目され,デービッドソン・ブラックやフランツ・ワイデンライヒによって詳細に研究された。頭骨は厚く頑丈で,眼窩上隆起や後頭隆起は強く発達し,額は低いが,ピテカントロプスよりは高い。突顎で,頤はなく,歯は大きいが,犬歯は突出していない。脳容量は約 1000cm3と推定される。出土した四肢骨は多くないが,現生人類との差異は少なく,完全な直立二足歩行が可能であったと思われる。ほかに更新世中期のゾウ,サイ,ケンシコなどの大型動物化石が多数発見されている。年代は,約 77万年前から約 23万年前まで。文化的には,独自の周口店文化というやや原始的な前期旧石器時代の文化をもち,また火の使用が初めて認められたことでもよく知られる。ピテカントロプスなどとともに原人類に属する。1941年12月太平洋戦争勃発とともに,これらの化石標本は行方不明となってしまったが,戦後再開された発掘調査で新たな骨も見つかった。

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