Guide car - Shinansha

Japanese: 指南車 - しなんしゃ
Guide car - Shinansha

A wheel that points directions made in ancient China. It is said that it was invented when the legendary Yellow Emperor attacked Chiyou and his troops lost their way in the fog, but the Yellow Emperor created a south-pointing wheel to find the direction and destroy Chiyou. A box containing several gears that were made to link with the two wheels was placed on top of the wheel, and a wooden doll was placed on a vertical axis connected to the gear box. If the doll was initially pointed south, the gear mechanism would keep the doll pointing south even if the direction of the wheel changed, and no magnets were used. It is said that Zhang Heng of the Han Dynasty and Ma Jun of the Three Kingdoms period also made south-pointing wheels, and Zu Chongzhi changed from wood to copper. There is an article about the south-pointing wheel in the "Yufu Zhi" (1027) of the "Song History".

Because the chariot pointed south to guide people, the word "shinan" came to mean a guide or a guide, and people who instruct or teach arts and crafts came to be called instructors or mentors.

[Ken Uchida]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代中国でつくられた方向を指し示す車。その発明については、中国の伝説上の人物である黄帝が蚩尤(しゆう)を攻めた際、彼の軍隊が霧の中で方向を見失ったが、黄帝が指南車をつくって方角を知り、蚩尤を滅ぼした、と伝える。左右2輪の車の上に、その両輪に連動するようにつくられた数個の歯車を入れた箱がのせられ、さらに歯車箱に連結する垂直な軸上に木製の人形が置かれた。最初、人形に南をささせておくと、以降は車の進行方向が変わっても、歯車の仕掛けによって人形はつねに南をさし続けるようになっており、磁石などは利用していない。漢(かん)の張衡(ちょうこう)や三国時代の馬鈞(ばきん)らも製作したとされ、祖沖之(そちゅうし)は木製から銅製に改めた。『宋史(そうし)』の「輿服志」(1027)には指南車の記事がある。

 指南車が南をさして人を導いたことから、指南の語は、手引き・案内の意となり、さらに技芸を指導・教授する人を指南番・指南役などというようになった。

[内田 謙]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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