X organ

Japanese: X器官 - えっくすきかん
X organ

An organ containing neurosecretory cells in the eyestalk or head of crustaceans (shrimp, crabs, etc.). There are two types of X organs, but together they are called Hanström's organ. When they were discovered by the Italian anatomist G. Bellonci in 1882, their function was unknown and they were called X organs. The first X organ is located in the terminal spinal ganglion and consists of epithelial cells, a small blood sinus, and nerve endings from the second X organ, and connects to a sensory pore near the base of the compound eye. The second X organ is located at the base of the optic lobe and consists of large neurosecretory cells. The axon terminals of these cells end in the sinus gland and the first X organ. Hormones secreted by neurosecretory cells are involved in the inhibition of molting, inhibition of ovarian development, concentration of pigment granules in chromatophores, and regulation of water and electrolyte metabolism.

[Seiichiro Kawashima]

[Reference] | Sinus glands

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

甲殻類(エビ、カニなど)の眼柄または頭部にある、神経分泌細胞を含んだ器官。2種のX器官があるが、あわせてハンストレム器官ともよばれる。これがイタリアの解剖学者ベロンチG. Bellonciによって発見された1882年当時は、機能が不明なのでX器官とよばれた。第一のX器官は終髄神経節にあり、上皮性の細胞、小血洞、第二のX器官からくる神経末端からなり、複眼基部近くの感覚孔に連絡している。第二のX器官は脳視葉の基部にあり、大形神経分泌細胞からなる。この軸索末端はサイナス腺(せん)と第一のX器官に終わる。神経分泌細胞の分泌するホルモンは、脱皮抑制、卵巣発達抑制、色素胞の色素粒の集中、水や電解質の代謝調節に関係している。

[川島誠一郎]

[参照項目] | サイナス腺

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