Shiden

One of the land categories in the land system under the Ritsuryo system. These are fields given to specific individuals by imperial decree, and are called yusoden. Originally they were mature fields (paddy fields) and were returned only to the individual. However, during the Heian period, especially from the Enryaku to Jowa period (782-848), more abandoned fields and vacant land were given out than mature fields, and the recipients were mainly princes and princesses. The law on permanent private property of cultivated land was applied to these vacant land, so these granted fields were handed down as private property and eventually became manors.

[Koichi Murayama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

律令制(りつりょうせい)的土地制度の地目の一つ。別勅をもって特定個人に賜る田で、輸租田(ゆそでん)である。本来熟田(じゅくでん)（水田）であり、一身間のみで返還されるものであった。しかし平安時代、とくに延暦(えんりゃく)～承和(じょうわ)期（782～848）に入ると、熟田よりも荒廃田・空閑地(くがんち)などが多く支給され、また被支給者は親王・内親王が中心となった。この空閑地などには墾田永年私財法が適用されたから、これらの賜田は私財として伝領され、やがて荘園(しょうえん)化していった。

［村山光一］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例