Corpse phenomena means all phenomena that appear in a corpse, and are generally divided into early corpse phenomena, late corpse phenomena, and special corpse phenomena. However, the boundary between early and late corpses is not clearly defined by the time that has passed since death, and this classification also differs somewhat from country to country. In Japan, early corpse phenomena include a drop in body temperature, rigor mortis, blood hypoxia (spots of death), and drying of the corpse, while late corpse phenomena include autolysis (decomposition of cells by the body's own enzymes), decay, damage caused by animals, weathering, and skeletalization. The former can be distinguished as a phenomenon that appears early after death, and the latter as a phenomenon that appears late after death, but the latter should be considered as all phenomena that indicate the breakdown of the corpse. Therefore, this includes phenomena that begin quite early, such as autolysis. These corpse phenomena are extremely important in forensic medicine as a basis for estimating the time since death, but generally they are influenced by the internal and external conditions of the corpse and do not necessarily show consistent changes. In particular, the later the phenomenon appears after death, the stronger the tendency is, making it difficult to accurately estimate the time since death. Also, the changes that corpses undergo due to decomposition are remarkable; they emit a putrid odor, swell up with putrefactive gases (known as a giant appearance), and become like a red or blue demon, completely losing all traces of their life. Furthermore, damage caused by animals, especially maggots, causes the corpse to disintegrate rapidly, and in the early stages, an adult corpse can turn to a skeleton in around 10 days. A special corpse phenomenon is when the corpse retains its original form because normal decomposition does not occur, typical examples being mummies and waxed corpses. These are called permanent corpses. [Furukawa Masataka] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
死体現象とは、死体に現れる現象のすべてを意味し、一般的には、早期死体現象、晩期死体現象、および特殊な死体現象に分けられる。しかし、早期と晩期の境界は、死後経過時間によって明確に区別されているわけではないし、また、この分類も国によって多少異なっている。わが国で早期死体現象というと、体温の降下、死体硬直、血液就下(しゅうか)(死斑(しはん))、死体の乾燥などがあり、晩期死体現象には、自家融解(自己のもっている酵素による細胞の分解)、腐敗、動物による損壊、風化、白骨化などが含まれる。前者は、死後早く現れる現象であり、後者は、死後遅く現れる現象として区別できるが、後者はむしろ、死体の崩壊を示す現象のすべてと考えるべきである。したがって、これには自家融解のようにかなり早くから始まる現象も含まれているわけである。こうした死体現象は、いずれも死後経過時間を推定するための根拠として法医学的にはきわめて重要であるが、一般的には、死体の内的・外的条件に左右され、一定の変化を示すとは限らない。とくに、死後遅く現れる現象ほどその傾向が強く、精確な死後経過時間の推定はむずかしくなる。また、腐敗による死体の変化には刮目(かつもく)するものがあり、腐敗臭を放ち、腐敗ガスで膨れ上がり(巨人様観という)、いわゆる赤鬼や青鬼のようになって生前のおもかげなどはまったく消失する。さらに動物による損壊、とくにウジの蚕食が加わると死体は急速に崩壊し、早ければ成人屍(し)が10日間くらいで白骨化する。 なお、特殊な死体現象とは、一般の分解がおこらないために死体がその原形を保つ場合で、代表例はミイラと屍蝋(しろう)化死体である。これを永久死体という。 [古川理孝] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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