Purex

Japanese: purex
Purex

...The wet method is a method of recovering nuclear fuel materials by dissolving spent fuel in nitric acid or other acids to form an aqueous solution, and utilizing the difference in the chemical properties of the solution. Initially, precipitation and ion exchange methods were used, but the solvent extraction method was recognized to be the most superior in terms of processing capacity, recovery rate, and decontamination coefficient (ratio of impurities contained in the raw material and the product), and currently, a method using tributyl phosphate (TBP) as a solvent, called the Purex method, has been put to practical use for reprocessing light water reactor fuel. On the other hand, the dry method is a method in which spent fuel is converted into a form other than an aqueous solution, such as a halide, molten salt, or oxide powder, and then processed. Although it has potential advantages over the wet method, there are many unresolved issues regarding recovery rate and decontamination coefficient, and there is no prospect of practical use. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "purex" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…湿式法は,使用済燃料を硝酸やその他の酸で溶解して水溶液の状態とし,その溶液化学的な性質の差を利用して核燃料物質を回収する方法である。最初は,沈殿法やイオン交換法が用いられたが,溶媒抽出法が処理能力や回収率および除染係数(原料と製品の中に含まれる不純物量の比)などの点から最も優れていることが認められ,現在ではピュレックスpurex法と呼ばれるリン酸トリブチルtributyl phosphate(TBP)を溶媒に用いた方法が軽水炉燃料の再処理に実用化されている。一方,乾式法は使用済燃料をハロゲン化物,溶融塩あるいは酸化物粉末など水溶液以外の形態に変えて処理する方法で,湿式法と比べて潜在的利点があるが,回収率や除染係数などの点で未解決な点が多く,実用化の見とおしは得られていない。…

※「purex」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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