A filamentous fungus in the Ascomycete family of the Aspergillus order. About 150 species are known. It is the most common mold found in daily life, and often grows on shoes and rice cakes. Among the Penicillium species, P. chrysogenum is particularly well-known for secreting the antibiotic penicillin. Cylindrical cells called phialides (pedicels) are produced on the mycelium that has branched several times, and spores are released by being squeezed out from the apical hole, usually in a string shape on the phialides. Some Penicillium species produce organs called cleistothecia, which produce asci and ascospores after sexual reproduction. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
子嚢菌類コウジカビ目コウジカビ科の糸状菌。約 150種知られている。日常最も普通にみられるカビで,靴や餅などによく生える。アオカビのなかでも P. chrysogenumはペニシリンという抗生物質を分泌するので特に有名。枝分れを何回か行なった菌糸の上にフィアライド (小梗) と呼ばれるとくり形の細胞が生じ,胞子はその頂孔から絞り出されるようにして排出され,通常フィアライドの上にじゅず状に連なる。ある種のアオカビはクライストテシアという器官を生じ,有性生殖を行なったのち,子嚢および子嚢胞子を生じる。
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