Generally it means a patron or protector, but the term is used especially when referring to financial support for artists. Before art was established as a profession, it needed the protection of royalty, aristocrats, and influential people as patrons. The role played by the Medici family in the Italian Renaissance is particularly well known. In England, from the Elizabethan era to the 18th century, the royal family and aristocrats served as patrons and maintained the prosperity of the poetry and theater circles. With the rise of the novel, a literary genre for the emerging middle class, in the 18th century, literary figures finally began to become independent and embark on the path to professionalization. S. Johnson's letter of divorce to the Earl of Chesterfield is famous as a landmark. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
一般には後援者,保護者を意味するが,特に芸術家を経済的に援助する場合にこの名称が用いられる。芸術が職業として成り立つ以前は,パトロンとしての王侯貴族や有力者の庇護が必要であった。イタリア・ルネサンスにメディチ家が演じた役割は特に有名。イギリスではエリザベス朝から 18世紀まで,王室や貴族がパトロンとなって詩壇や劇壇の繁栄を維持した。 18世紀に新興の市民階級の文学ジャンルである小説が興って,文学者たちはようやく自立しはじめ,職業化の道を歩むことになる。 S.ジョンソンがチェスターフィールド (伯) にあてた絶縁状は一時期を画するものとして有名。
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