CCD - Colony Collapse Disorder

Japanese: CCD - しーしーでぃー(英語表記)Colony Collapse Disorder
CCD - Colony Collapse Disorder
A phenomenon of unknown cause in which a large number of breeding and honey-collecting bees kept by beekeepers disappear in a short period of time. Characteristic features include the sudden disappearance of a large number of bees (30-90% of the entire hive) without any bee carcasses in or near the hive, the fact that the queen bee and larvae often remain in the hive, and the fact that the cause cannot be identified. Even though the queen bee and larvae remain, there are no worker bees to carry nectar and pollen back to the hive as food, so the remaining individuals will eventually die out.
Today, large-scale colony collapse disorder (CCD), which is occurring mainly in the United States, began in the fall of 2006 and spread to 22 states, affecting almost a quarter of the nation's beekeepers by the spring of the following year. Some data indicate that by the spring of 2009, one-third of the honeybees needed for crop breeding in the United States had disappeared. CCD has also begun to appear in Canada, some European countries, India, Taiwan, Brazil, and other countries, and it is said that significant damage has already begun to occur in approximately 100 types of crops. Honeybees have been declining on a global scale for the past 20 years, and the causes include not only CCD but also the progression of urbanization. In Japan, the shortage of honeybees for breeding in horticulture is becoming serious nationwide due to the halt in imports due to a global shortage of honeybees and the problem of mass deaths of honeybees due to pesticide damage, but there have been no confirmed cases of CCD so far.
The most likely cause of CCD is infection of colonies weakened by a combination of factors with a virus called IAPV (Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus). One of the factors that weaken colonies is the weakening of the immune system of honeybees caused by infestations of Varroa mites. Other causes include (1) intensive breeding in large-scale monoculture farms, which causes severe stress on worker bees and nutritional deficiencies in larvae, (2) the use of genetically modified corn as a source of artificial honey for overwintering, and (3) the effects of new neonicotinoid pesticides.

(Natsuko Kasai, Freelance Writer / 2009)

CCD

Please see the "CCD Image Sensor" page.

Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo

Japanese:
養蜂家が保有する交配用・採蜜用ミツバチが、短期間に大量に失跡する原因不明の現象。特徴は、巣箱の中や付近に蜂の死体がなく、巣箱全体の30~90%もの大量の蜂が突然いなくなること、女王蜂や幼虫は巣に残っている場合が多いこと、原因が特定できないことなど。女王蜂や幼虫が残っているのに、餌として蜜や花粉を巣に持ち帰るべき働きバチがいなくなるので、残っていた個体もやがて死滅してしまう。
今日、米国を中心に発生している大規模な蜂群崩壊症候群(CCD)は、2006年秋を端緒に全米22の州に広がり、翌年春にかけて全米の養蜂家のほぼ4分の1が被害を受けたとされる。09年春までには、全米で農作物の交配に必要なミツバチの3分の1がいなくなったとのデータもある。CCDは、カナダや一部のヨーロッパ諸国、インド、台湾、ブラジルなどでも見られ始めており,すでに約100種類の農作物で顕著な被害が出始めているとされている。ミツバチは、過去20年にわたり世界的規模で減少し続けてきたが、原因にはCCD以外に都市化の進行などもある。日本でも、世界的なミツバチの不足により輸入が止まったことや、農薬被害でミツバチが大量死する問題などにより、全国的に園芸農業における交配用ミツバチの不足が深刻化しているが、今のところCCDであると確認された事例はない。
CCDの原因として有力視されているのは、複合的な要因で弱体化した蜂群にIAPV(イスラエル急性麻痺(まひ)ウイルス)というウイルスが感染して起こるというもの。蜂群を弱らせる要因の一つには、バロアダニ(Varroa Mite)の寄生によりミツバチの免疫系が弱められることがあげられている。他に、(1)大規模な単一種栽培農場で集中的な交配を行わせることで働きバチが過酷なストレスを受けたり幼虫が栄養不足に陥ったりすること、(2)越冬用に与えられる人口蜜の原料に遺伝子組み換えトウモロコシが使われていること、(3)新しいネオニコチノイド系の農薬の影響などもあげられている。

(葛西奈津子  フリーランスライター / 2009年)

CCD

「CCDイメージセンサー」のページをご覧ください。

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