Four Comprehensive Archives - Shikozensho

A large collection of books commissioned by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty in China. It consists of 78,731 volumes (the number of volumes varies). At the suggestion of Zhu Yun, over a period of 10 years from 1772, as many important books as were available at the time were collected from the Yongle Encyclopedia, the imperial court collection, official selections, provincial contributions, private donations, and public copies, and divided into four parts: Classics, History, Zi, and Shu. These were proofread, refined, and transcribed, and each book was given a so-called "Teiyo," which included the author's history, the contents of the book, and a critique. Any books whose contents were inconvenient to the Qing Dynasty were either cut out or banned. Initially, four sets were made and kept in Wenyuan Pavilion in the Forbidden City, Wenyuan Pavilion in the Yuanmingyuan Imperial Villa, Wenshu Pavilion in the Fengtian Temporary Palace, and Wenjin Pavilion in the Jehol Summer Resort. Later, a copy was kept in each of the Wenhui Pavilion in the Daguantang of Yangzhou, Wenzong Pavilion in the Jinshan Temple of Zhenjiang, and Wenlan Pavilion in the Temporary Palace of Shengyin Temple in Hangzhou. Currently, over 130 volumes of the Siku Quanshu have been published as the Wuyingdian Juchenban Congshu, and the rest have been published from the first collection to the eleventh collection as the Siku Zhenpen. The summaries have been compiled into the 200-volume Siku Quanshu Zongmu Tieyou, which provides an overview of the system of Chinese scholarship.

[Kawagoe Yasuhiro]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)の乾隆帝(けんりゅうてい)欽定(きんてい)の一大叢書(そうしょ)。7万8731巻（巻数には異同がある）。朱筠(しゅいん)の建議によって、1772年から10年間に、永楽大典本、朝廷蔵本、官選本、各省採進本、私人進献本、通行本などから、当時集められるだけの重要な書籍を集めて、経、史、子、集の4部に分け、これを校正し、善本をつくり、浄写させ、各書に著者の履歴、書の内容、批評を記した、いわゆる「提要」を冠した。その際、その内容が清朝に都合の悪いものは、一部分を削り、あるいは禁書に指定した。初め四そろいをつくり、紫禁城中の文淵(ぶんえん)閣、円明園離宮の文源閣、奉天行宮(あんぐう)の文溯(ぶんさく)閣、熱河(ねっか)避暑山荘の文津(ぶんしん)閣に蔵した。その後、揚州(ようしゅう)大観堂に文匯(ぶんかい)閣、鎮江金山寺に文宗閣、杭州(こうしゅう)聖因寺行宮に文瀾(ぶんらん)閣を建てて一部ずつ所蔵させた。現在『四庫全書』のうち130種余は『武英殿聚珍(しゅうちん)版叢書』として出版され、またほかは『四庫珍本』として初集から11集まで出版されている。なお提要は『四庫全書総目提要』200巻にまとめられ、中国学術の体系を概観できる。

［川越泰博］

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