A photograph taken using ultraviolet light of a specific wavelength. Ordinary photographs are taken with visible light in the wavelength range of approximately 390 to 700 nanometers, but photographic film has strong sensitivity to ultraviolet light, which has shorter wavelengths, and the reflectance of materials to ultraviolet light is completely different from that to visible light, giving it a unique detection ability. As a result, ultraviolet photography is used as an important photographic technique in scientific fields such as identification photography, forensic photography, spectroscopic analysis, ultraviolet microscopy, and astronomical observation. It is particularly useful for near-ultraviolet photography using light from around 290 to 390 nanometers, but it differs significantly from the equipment used for general photography, requiring the selection of film with higher sensitivity in the ultraviolet range, film and developing solution that produce high contrast, the use of ultraviolet-transmitting filters that cut out the absorption of visible light, and the use of special lenses made from artificial fluorite or artificial quartz (since lenses made from general optical glass, which has high ultraviolet absorption), and the use of mercury discharge lamps, which are effective as a source of ultraviolet light. [Tsunehiro Koike] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
特定の波長の紫外線を利用して撮影する写真。一般の写真は波長域でおよそ390~700ナノメートルの可視光において撮影されるが、これより短い波長域である紫外線に対しても写真フィルムは強い感光性をもち、また物質の紫外線に対する反射率は可視光に対するそれとはまったく異なった様相で特異な検出能力をもつことから、判別写真、鑑識写真、分光分析、紫外線顕微鏡、天体観測などの科学分野において、紫外線写真は重要な写真技術として利用される。 とくに290~390ナノメートル付近を用いる近紫外線撮影に実用性があるが、紫外線域でより高い感度をもつフィルムの選定、高コントラストに仕上げるフィルムと現像液の選定、可視光を吸収カットする紫外線透過フィルターの使用、また紫外線吸収の強い一般光学ガラスによるレンズは使えないため、人工蛍石(ほたるいし)や人工水晶を用いた特殊レンズの利用、紫外線光源として有効な水銀放電灯の使用など、一般写真撮影に用いる機材とはかなり異なる。 [小池恒裕] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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