Ultraviolet astronomy - Shigaisen tenmongaku (English spelling)

Japanese: 紫外線天文学 - しがいせんてんもんがく(英語表記)ultraviolet astoronomy
Ultraviolet astronomy - Shigaisen tenmongaku (English spelling)

Astronomy is the observation of the universe using ultraviolet light (light with wavelengths between 10 and 370 nanometers), which has a shorter wavelength than visible light. The ultraviolet region contains many spectral lines of atoms and highly ionized ions (ions that are nearly fully ionized), making it suitable for observing celestial objects with higher temperatures than visible light. However, since it is absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere, observations must be made from outside the atmosphere using telescopes mounted on artificial satellites or rockets. Research in this field began in earnest with the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) and the Hubble Space Telescope, which was launched in 1991, and studies of high-temperature plasma on the surfaces of stars and in active galactic nuclei, as well as analysis of absorption lines in interstellar matter, have been conducted. Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths even shorter than ultraviolet light are called X-rays and gamma rays, and are used to observe celestial phenomena with higher energy.

[Masanori Ie]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

可視光よりも波長の短い紫外線(波長10ナノメートルから370ナノメートル程度までの光)で宇宙を観測する天文学。紫外線領域には原子や高階電離イオン(完全電離に近いイオン)のスペクトル線が多数あり、可視光より高温の天体を見るのに適している。だが、地球大気に吸収されてしまうため、人工衛星やロケットに望遠鏡を搭載して大気圏外から観測を行う必要がある。国際紫外線探査衛星(IUE)や1991年に打ち上げられたハッブル宇宙望遠鏡によってこの分野の研究が本格化し、恒星表面や活動銀河中心核の高温プラズマの研究や星間物質による吸収線解析などが行われた。紫外線よりさらに波長の短い電磁波はX線、γ(ガンマ)線とよばれ、より高エネルギーな天体現象を観測するのに用いられる。

[家 正則]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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