In psychiatry, psychopathology is a broad research field that corresponds to physical pathology. This is because all psychiatric phenomena are psychopathological phenomena themselves. Of course, there is a view that all psychopathological phenomena are based on physical pathology, and this view was dominant in biological psychiatric research, especially in the 19th century. However, according to psychiatric research to date, even psychopathological phenomena that are based on cerebral pathology, for example, have infinitely complex structures of physical and psychopathological phenomena. Psychopathology is divided into three areas in terms of methodology: symptomatology, dynamic psychiatry, and phenomenological psychopathology. The first area, symptomatology, was perfected in 19th century continental Europe, especially in France and Germany. The second area, dynamic psychiatry, developed in the United States after 1930 under the influence of Adolf Meyer (1866-1950) and Freud. The last area, phenomenological psychopathology, has been inherited by a small number of psychopathologists, such as Ludwig Binswanger (1881-1966) and Medard Boss (1903-90), under the influence of Husserl's phenomenology and Heidegger's philosophy. In addition, the similar term abnormal psychology differs in that its subject matter is the same as psychopathology, or even if there is some overlap, its methods are the same as normal psychology. [Koichi Ogino] [Reference items] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
精神医学において精神病理学は、身体病理学に対応する広範な研究領域を有している。それは、精神医学的現象はすべて精神病理現象そのものだからである。もちろん、すべての精神病理現象は身体病理のうえに成立しているという考え方があり、とりわけ19世紀における生物学的精神医学研究において支配的であった。しかし、今日までの精神医学研究によると、たとえば大脳病理のうえに成り立っている精神病理現象でさえも、身体・精神病理現象の構造は無限に複雑である。 精神病理学は方法論として、精神症状論、力動精神医学、現象学的精神病理学の三領域に分けられる。第一の精神症状論は、19世紀のヨーロッパ大陸、とくにフランスとドイツにおいて完成された。第二の力動精神医学はマイヤーAdolf Meyer(1866―1950)とフロイトの影響下で、1930年以降アメリカにおいて発展していった。最後の現象学的精神病理学は、フッサール現象学とハイデッガー哲学の影響下で、ビンスバンガーLudwig Binswanger(1881―1966)やボスMedard Boss(1903―90)など少数の精神病理学者によって受け継がれてきている。 なお、類似用語である異常心理学は、その対象が精神病理学と同じか、また重なり合ってもその手法が正常心理学と同様である点で異なっている。 [荻野恒一] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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