A term that symbolizes Germany's imperialist Near East policy before World War I. The "Three Bs" are an acronym for Berlin, Byzantium (Constantinople, now Istanbul), and Bagdad, and refer to Germany's Near East expansion plan that linked mainland Germany, Southeast Europe, the Balkans, Asia Minor, and the Persian Gulf. Under Bismarck, the German Empire maintained an attitude of "having no interest" in this area, but after Bismarck's resignation (1890), the German Empire built a close relationship with the Ottoman Empire in the late 1890s, and obtained the right to build the Baghdad Railway, which was mainly funded by German capital, to the Persian Gulf and the right to lead the Ottoman Army, and strongly promoted a policy of direct overland expansion into the Near East. This Three Bs policy posed a threat to Russia, which was pursuing a southward policy toward the Balkans, Britain, which maintained a policy of preserving Turkey, and France, which was clinging to its vested interests in the Near East. It intensified the imperialist competition among the great powers and was one of the major causes of World War I. [Takehiko Okabe] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
第一次世界大戦前、ドイツの帝国主義的近東政策を象徴的に表現した語。三BとはベルリンBerlin、ビザンティウムByzantium(コンスタンティノープル、現イスタンブール)、バグダードBagdadの頭文字をとったもので、ドイツ本土―東南ヨーロッパ―バルカン―小アジア―ペルシア湾を結ぶドイツの近東進出策を示す。ドイツ帝国は、ビスマルクのもとではこの方面に「利害関係がない」とする態度を維持していたが、ビスマルク辞任(1890)後1890年代後半からオスマン帝国と親密な関係をつくり、ドイツ資本を中心とするバグダード鉄道をペルシア湾まで敷設する権利や、オスマン帝国陸軍を指導する権利などを得て、強力に陸路から直接近東に進出する政策を推進した。この三B政策は、バルカンへ向かって南下政策を進めるロシア、トルコ保全政策を維持していたイギリス、近東の既得権益に固執するフランスに脅威を及ぼし、列強の帝国主義競争を激化させて、第一次世界大戦の重要な原因の一つを形成した。 [岡部健彦] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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