Santiago (English spelling)

Japanese: サンチアゴ（英語表記）Santiago

The capital of Chile. It is located in the center of the country, about 100 km inland from the Pacific coast, on a plateau surrounded by the coastal mountain range to the west, the Andes to the east, and the Chacabuco mountain range to the north. It is about 520 m above sea level. It has a mild Mediterranean climate, with an average temperature of 20.6 °C in January, the warmest month, and 8.6 °C in June, the coldest month. The annual precipitation is less than 400 mm, falling mainly in winter (May to September). The city was founded by the Spanish in 1541 on land that had long been inhabited by Indians, and was made the administrative center of the region, but its development during the colonial period was slow. It began to develop in earnest after it was made the capital following Chile's independence in 1818, when wealthy miners of saltpeter, copper, and coal, and absentee landowners moved into the city, creating high-class residential areas, and middle-class residential areas gradually formed, and the city area expanded north-south and especially westward. In the 20th century, development continued at an even more rapid pace, merging with surrounding towns and villages one after another, and with an influx of people from rural areas, the population rapidly increased, and it is now a large city with more than one-third of Chile's total population, creating a significant economic and cultural gap between it and other cities. It is a distribution center for grains, grapes, potatoes, beans, and other crops produced in the fertile agricultural areas surrounding it, and is an industrial city that produces about half of the country's industrial production, with industries in food, textiles, clothing, leather products, chemicals, metals, and more. The city spreads out in a distorted star shape on the south bank of the Mapocho River, with the old town to the west of Santa Lucia Hill at its center, and although a few old colonial-era buildings have been preserved, the city generally has a modern appearance with many high-rise buildings. As the cultural center of Chile, the city is home to many higher education institutions, including the University of Chile (founded in 1738 as San Felipe University, reorganized in 1843), the Catholic University of Chile (1888), and the National Polytechnic University (1947), as well as various libraries, museums, and theaters. Located almost in the middle of the country's long, narrow land area, the city is literally the transportation center of Chile, with arterial roads and railways running north and south from the city, and roads and railways also running to the Pacific coast ports of San Antonio and Valparaiso in the west. Because the city is blocked by the Andes in the east, the only direct roads from the city are short ones that lead to mountain resorts, but they can be connected to the Trans-Andean Highway that runs from Valparaiso to Buenos Aires via Mendoza. Pudahuel International Airport is located in the northwestern suburbs, and Los Cerrillos Airport in the southwestern suburbs is currently used for domestic flights. Population: 4,656,690 (2002).

Santiago
Santiago

Its official name is Santiago de los Caballeros. It is a city in the northwest of the Dominican Republic, in the central West Indies. It is located in the middle of the Cibao Valley, overlooking the Yaque del Norte River. It is the second largest city in the Dominican Republic, and is said to have been founded in 1494 by Christopher Columbus (or his brother Bartolomé in 1495). After being destroyed by an earthquake in 1562, it was moved to its current location a few kilometers away and rebuilt, but has since suffered frequent earthquakes and fires. It is the center of the fertile Cibao Valley, and industries such as tobacco, rum, furniture, medicine, soap, leather, and food are carried out. The city is home to Fort San Luis, the Cathedral of Santiago el Mayor, and the Universidad Católica Madureira Maestra. It is located about 140 km northwest of the capital, Santo Domingo, and is connected by road. It has a population of 308,400 (estimated in 1986).

Santiago
Santiago

A city in central-western Panama. The capital of Veraguas Province. It is located in the Pacific coastal lowlands at the base of the Azuero Peninsula. It is one of the oldest settlements in Panama and flourished during the colonial period, with many beautiful buildings from that time still remaining. It is currently a distribution center for rice, coffee, corn, livestock, and other products from the surrounding agricultural areas. The outer port of Puerto Mutis is located on the southern coast of Montijo Bay. There are gold mines nearby. The Pan-American Highway passes through the city. Population 43,678 (estimated 1990).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

チリの首都。同国中部，太平洋岸から約 100km内陸にあり，西の海岸山脈，東のアンデス山脈，北のチャカブコ山脈に囲まれた高原に位置する。標高約 520m。地中海性の温暖な気候で，最暖月1月の平均気温 20.6℃，最寒月6月は 8.6℃。年降水量は 400mm以下で，おもに冬季 (5～9月) に降る。古くからインディオが住んでいた地に 1541年スペイン人によって町が建設され，この地方の行政中心地とされたが，植民地時代の発展は緩慢。 1818年のチリ独立に伴ってその首都とされてから本格的に発展し始め，硝石，銅，石炭などの豊かな鉱山業者や不在地主が市に移り住んで高級住宅街ができるとともに，中産階級の住宅地区もしだいに形成されていき，市域は南北および特に西に向かって広がっていった。 20世紀に入って発展はさらに急速に進み，周辺の町や村を次々と合併，農村部からの人口流入もあって人口が急増，現在チリ総人口の3分の1以上が集中する大都市となっており，他の諸都市との間に経済的にも文化的にも著しい格差が生じている。周辺の肥沃な農業地帯に産する穀物，ブドウ，ジャガイモ，豆類などの集散地であるとともに，全国の工業生産の約半分を生産する工業都市であり，食品，繊維，衣料，皮革製品，化学，金属などの工業が立地する。市街はマポチョ川南岸，サンタルシアの丘の西にある旧市街を中心にゆがんだ星形に広がり，植民地時代の古い建築物もわずかに保存されているが，全体的に高層ビルの多い近代的な様相を示す。チリの文化中心地として，チリ大学 (1738サンフェリペ大学として創立，1843改組) ，チリ・カトリカ大学 (1888) ，国立工科大学 (1947) をはじめとする多数の高等教育機関，各種の図書館，博物館，劇場などがある。また南北に細長い国土のほぼ中間に位置し，文字どおりチリの交通中心地となっており，市から南北に幹線道路，鉄道が延び，また西の太平洋岸の港サンアントニオとバルパライソへも道路と鉄道が通じている。東はアンデスに妨げられるため，市から直接延びる道路としては山間の保養地へ通じる短い道路だけであるが，バルパライソからメンドサを経てブエノスアイレスへ通じるアンデス横断道路と連絡できる。北西郊にプダウエル国際空港があり，南西郊のロスセリヨス空港は現在国内線用に用いられている。人口 465万6690（2002）。

サンチアゴ
Santiago

正式名称はサンチアゴデロスカバイェロス Santiago de los Caballeros。西インド諸島中部，ドミニカ共和国北西部の都市。シバオ谷中部にあり，ヤケデルノルテ川にのぞむ。ドミニカ第2の都市で，1494年クリストファー・コロンブス (または 1495年その弟バルトロメ) により建設されたといわれる。 1562年地震で破壊されたあと数 km離れた現在地に移転，再建されたが，その後もしばしば地震や火災の被害を受けた。肥沃なシバオ谷の中心地で，たばこ，ラム酒，家具，医薬品，石鹸，皮革，食品などの工業が行われる。市内にはサンルイス要塞，サンチアゴエルマヨル大聖堂，カトリカマドゥレイマエストラ大学などがある。首都サントドミンゴの北西約 140kmにあり，道路で結ばれる。人口 30万 8400 (1986推計) 。

サンチアゴ
Santiago

パナマ中西部の都市。ベラグアス州の州都。アスエロ半島基部の太平洋岸低地に位置する。パナマ最古の集落の一つで，植民地時代に繁栄，当時の美しい建築物が多数残っている。現在周辺の農業地帯に産する米，コーヒー，トウモロコシ，家畜などの集散地。南のモンティホ湾岸に外港プエルトムティスがある。付近に金鉱がある。パンアメリカン・ハイウェーが通る。人口4万 3678 (1990推計) 。

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