Scholasticism - Scholasticism

Japanese: スコラ学 - スコラがく

A general term for the academic disciplines established in the medieval Christian world, scholasticism in English (the original meaning is "scholarship in schools"). Since it encompasses not only philosophy but also theology, jurisprudence, and natural science, the colloquial term "scholastic philosophy" is inaccurate, and derogatory terms such as "complicated philosophy" based on an outdated medieval view should be avoided. Boethius and Eriugena were the pioneers, Anselm and Abelard were representatives of early scholasticism, Albertus Magnus, Thomas Aquinas, and Bonaventure were representatives of high scholasticism, and Ockham and others were representatives of late scholasticism. It was revived in the 16th and 17th centuries by Caetanus, Vitoria, and Suarez, and in the 19th century under the name of "neo-scholasticism" (Thomism), and continues to this day. It seeks to defend Catholic doctrine using the legacy of ancient learning (mainly Plato and Aristotle), and its slogan is "faith seeking understanding" (Anselm), that is, the integration and harmony of learning and revelation. It is characterized by sophisticated logic and dialectics, its unique teaching method (the "Debates") and writing style (the "Summa"), and is often compared to the grandeur of Gothic architecture. It is also interesting from the perspective of the acceptance of ancient culture through the Islamic world, as it occurred in parallel with the rise of medieval universities and mendicant orders.
→ Related topics Agricola | Aristotle | Gothic art | Dominican Order | Universalist controversy

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

中世キリスト教世界に成立した学問の総称で，英語ではscholasticism（〈学校における学問〉が原義）。哲学のみならず神学，法学，自然学などを包摂するので，〈スコラ哲学〉との慣用は正確でないし，旧弊な中世観にもとづく〈煩瑣哲学〉などの蔑称も避けられるべきである。ボエティウスないしエリウゲナを先駆とし，アンセルムス，アベラールらが前期スコラ学の，アルベルトゥス・マグヌス，トマス・アクイナス，ボナベントゥラらが盛期スコラ学の，オッカムらが後期スコラ学の代表者。16―17世紀にはカエタヌス，ビトリア，スアレスらによって，19世紀には〈新スコラ学〉（トミズム）の名の下に復興がなされ，現代に及んでいる。カトリック教義を古代学芸の遺産（主としてプラトン，アリストテレス）によって弁証しようとするもので，〈知解を求める信仰〉（アンセルムス）すなわち学知と啓示の統合・調和がそのスローガン。精緻な論理学・弁証論，独自の教授法（〈討論〉）と著述形式（〈大全（スンマ）〉）に特色があり，しばしばゴシック建築の威容にたとえられる。中世大学，托鉢修道会の興隆と並行し，イスラム世界を介しての古代文化受容の観点からも興味深い。
→関連項目アグリコラ｜アリストテレス｜ゴシック美術｜ドミニコ会｜普遍論争

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