Demon God - Kishin

Japanese: 鬼神 - きしん
Demon God - Kishin

It refers to the souls of the dead enshrined as gods. This is also called "kijin," but in that case it is often used to mean a fierce demon. The word onigami is said to mean a frightening god. In the kana preface of the Kokin Wakashū, it is written, "Without exerting any force, he moves the heavens and the earth, and makes the invisible demons pity him..." The word onigami was introduced from China and has a variety of meanings. It refers to the souls of ancestors or the dead, but it is also considered to be a god who presides over life in the underworld, and is also seen as a monster or a shapeshifter. There are many descriptions of onigami in Chinese classics. For example, in the Book of Rites, onigami are associated with the heavens and the earth, yin and yang, or mountains and rivers, or are referred to together. It is said that worshiping onigami is a ritual. This word onigami was introduced to Japan, but oni are generally considered to be evil, like monsters. There are many legends and old tales about demon slaying. Well-known examples include Shuten-doji of Mt. Oe and the old tale of Momotaro. However, on the other hand, there are also stories about those who go to the battlefield "becoming demons who protect the country after death," which have something in common with Chinese demons and gods, and the Chinese expression "entering the register of the dead" is used to describe being recorded in a person's death register.

[Oto Tokihiko]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

死者の霊魂を神として祀(まつ)ったものをいう。これを「きじん」ともいうが、その場合は荒々しい鬼の意として使われることが多い。オニガミということばは恐ろしい神の意とされている。『古今和歌集』の仮名序に「力をも入れずして天地を動かし、目に見えぬ鬼神をもあはれと思はせ……」と書かれている。鬼神という語は中国より伝来したもので、その意義は多様である。祖先または死者の霊魂をいうが、幽冥界(ゆうめいかい)にあって人生を主宰する神ともされており、さらに妖怪変化(ようかいへんげ)ともみられている。中国の古典にはいろいろと鬼神のことが述べられている。たとえば『礼記(らいき)』には鬼神が天地、陰陽(いんよう)あるいは山川と連想されたり、併称されたりしている。そして鬼神を祀ることが礼であるという。この鬼神の語がわが国に移入されたのであるが、鬼は一般に妖怪のように悪者とされている。鬼退治の伝説、昔話が多く語られている。大江山の酒呑童子(しゅてんどうじ)や桃太郎の昔話などでよく知られている。しかしその一方に、戦場に赴く者が「死して護国の鬼とならん」などというのは、中国の鬼神と相通じるものがあり、人の過去帳に載るのを「鬼籍に入る」という漢語表現も使用されているのである。

[大藤時彦]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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