Sanza - Sanza (English spelling)

Japanese: サンザ - さんざ(英語表記)sanza
Sanza - Sanza (English spelling)

A general term for plectrum instruments found in Sub-Saharan Africa. They are called mbira, marimba, likembe, etc. depending on the region. The form also varies from instrument to instrument, but basically, one end of several to several dozens of thin strips (made of wood, bamboo, or metal) of different lengths is fixed to a wooden or gourd resonance box or flat plate, and the other end that is in front is plucked with the thumb or other finger to produce sound. When attached to a flat plate, the whole instrument is placed inside the gourd or other material to resonate. Many instruments have shells or metal rattles attached to the resonance box or plate, or metal pieces that vibrate freely attached to the base of the strips to change the sound quality. They are usually used to accompany songs, as well as for solo and ensemble performances. In the 19th century, they were introduced to Central and South America, and large, improved versions of the sanza began to be used as rumba boxes in Caribbean black music.

[Yoichi Yamada]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アフリカのサハラ以南各地に広く分布する摘奏体鳴楽器の総称。地域によってムビラ、マリンバ、リケンベなどの呼称をもつ。形態も楽器ごとに異なるが、基本的には、数本から数十本の長さの異なる細長い薄片(木・竹・金属製)の一端を木やひょうたんの共鳴箱か平板の上に固定し、手前にくる他端を親指や他の指ではじいて音を出す構造をもつ。平板に取り付けた場合は、楽器全体をひょうたんなどの中に入れて演奏し共鳴させる。多くの楽器は、共鳴箱や板に貝や金属のがらがらを取り付けたり、薄片の基部に自由に振動する金属片をつけたりして音質に変化をもたせている。通常、歌の伴奏に、また独奏や合奏にも用いられる。19世紀に中南米に入り、カリブ海の黒人音楽にルンバ・ボックスとして大形の改良型サンザが使われるようになった。

[山田陽一]

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