Senghor, Léopold

Japanese: サンゴール(英語表記)Senghor, Léopold
Senghor, Léopold
Born October 9, 1906 in Joar, French West Africa.
[Died] December 20, 2001. Belson, France. Senegalese poet, philosopher, politician, and linguist. President (in office 1960-80). Full name Léopold Sédar Senghor. A Serer from Joar. After graduating from a Catholic primary school, he went to the capital Dakar and completed his secondary education (→ lycée) with honors. In 1928, he went to France on a scholarship. He went to the École Louis-le-Grand and the Sorbonne, becoming the first African to obtain a higher education professorship (agrégé). After that, he taught European classical literature and African languages ​​and cultures at the École Marcellin Berthelot in Paris and other institutions. In 1942, he joined the French resistance against Germany, was captured by the German army, and spent time in a concentration camp. In 1945, he became a member of the French National Assembly representing Senegal. From 1948 to 1958, he was a professor at the École Nationale de France overseas. In 1960, he became the first president of Senegal after independence. In 1962, a coup by Prime Minister Mamadou Dia failed, but the Senghor regime continued. In 1972, he was elected chairman of the African-Madagascan Cooperation Organization (later the African-Mauritian Organization). He was elected president for a fifth term in February 1978, but resigned in December 1980. While a theoretical leader of African socialism, he began publishing poetry collections in the mid-1940s. He also published literary treatises, essays, political papers, and linguistic papers. He is also known as one of the proponents of the black literary movement, Négritude. His poetry collections include Chants d'ombre (Songs of Shadows) (1945), Hosties noires (Black Sacrifices) (1948), and Éthiopiques (Ethiopiques) (1956). He received many international awards, including the Dag Hammarskjöld Prize. In 1984, he became the first African member of the Académie Française. (→African Literature)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1906.10.9. フランス領西アフリカ,ジョアール
[没]2001.12.20. フランス,ベルソン
セネガルの詩人,哲学者,政治家,言語学者。大統領(在任 1960~80)。フルネーム Léopold Sédar Senghor。ジョアール出身のセレル族。カトリック系の小学校を卒業,首都ダカールへ出て,優等で中等教育(→リセ)を終了。1928年奨学金を得て渡仏。ルイ・ル・グラン校,ソルボンヌ大学を経て,アフリカ人初の高等教育教授資格(アグレジェ)を取得。その後しばらくはパリのマルセラン・ベルテロー校などでヨーロッパ古典文学,アフリカの言語と文化を教えた。1942年フランスの対独レジスタンス運動に参加,ドイツ軍の捕虜となり収容所生活を経験。1945年セネガル代表のフランス国会議員。1948~58年フランス海外国民学校教授。1960年セネガル独立後の初代大統領。1962年ママドゥ・ディア首相のクーデターが失敗に終わり,サンゴール体制は続いた。1972年にはアフリカ=マダガスカル協力機構(のちアフリカ=モーリシャス共同機構)議長に選出された。1978年2月大統領に 5選されたが 1980年12月任期途中で辞職。アフリカ社会主義の理論的指導者の一方,1940年代半ばから詩集を発表。そのほか,文学論,随筆,政治論文,言語学論文などを発表している。また,黒人文学運動ネグリチュードの提唱者の一人としても有名。『影の歌』Chants d'ombre(1945),『黒いいけにえ』Hosties noires(1948),『エチオピック』Éthiopiques(1956)などの詩集がある。ダグ・ハマーショルド賞をはじめ,国際的な賞を多く受賞。1984年,アカデミー・フランセーズ史上初のアフリカ人会員に選ばれた。(→アフリカ文学)

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