Salvia - Salvia

Japanese: サルビア - さるびあ
Salvia - Salvia

A general term for the genus Salvia in the family Lamiaceae (APG classification: Lamiaceae), a shrub-like perennial plant. Native to Central and South America and the Mediterranean coast of Europe, there are about 900 species distributed around the world. The most commonly cultivated species is S. splendens Sellow, native to Brazil, which is often planted in summer flower beds. In horticulture, it is treated as a spring-sown annual, with heights ranging from 30-40 cm for dwarf species to 50-70 cm for medium-tall species. The leaves are opposite and broadly lanceolate. In summer, lip-shaped flowers bloom in spikes at the branched tops. Most flowers are red, but breeding has progressed and they can be scarlet, pink, purple, white, vermilion, or even bicolor. Recent varieties include the dwarf Dress Parade series, which has a wide range of flower colors and is planted in mixed flower beds. There are also other scarlet-red varieties such as Bonfire and St. John's Fire.

S. farinacea Benth. is native to New Mexico and is a spring-sown annual plant. It has small bright blue-purple flowers in spikes, which are thin but numerous. In recent years, a dwarf Victoria species has been created. S. patens Cav. has pale blue flowers and does not produce many, but it is a rare species.

Other members of the Salvia genus include sage, which is used not only for ornamental purposes but also for medicinal and spice purposes.

[Katsumi Kaneko September 17, 2021]

Cultivation

It is propagated by seed, but germination is not good. In April or May, sow the seeds in a seedbed to a depth of about 3 mm, cover lightly with soil, and keep the surface moist until germination. After germination, when the plants have 6 to 7 true leaves, transplant them at intervals of 20 to 30 cm in a sunny location with good drainage. Apply plenty of basal fertilizer and give ample water. After the summer flowering season is over, lightly prune the entire plant and apply 50 to 80 grams of chemical fertilizer per square meter as top dressing, and it will continue to bloom from autumn until frost. In addition to flower beds, it is often grown on terraces and balconies in planters. Care is required as the seedlings are susceptible to damping-off disease and damage by cutworms.

[Katsumi Kaneko September 17, 2021]

Cultural history

The genus Salvia is distributed widely throughout the world, but the horticultural species of Salvia is native to southern Brazil and was discovered in 1822, arriving in England in the same year. In its native habitat it is a shrub-like perennial plant, but it has been bred into an annual plant, making it possible to cultivate it in temperate climates. It appears to have been introduced to Japan in the 1880s or later, and the plant catalogue of Koishikawa Botanical Garden in 1886 lists only two species of Salvia, Saluhiya (a spicy vegetable sage) and Beninosaruhiya (North American safflower Salvia), but not the name of the modern Salvia. It became popular in the Showa era and has become an indispensable flower in flower beds.

[Hiroshi Yuasa September 17, 2021]

"Salvia: NHK Hobby Gardening: 12 Months of Easy-to-Understand Cultivation" by Ayako Nishikawa (2001, Japan Broadcasting Publishing Association)

[Reference] | Sage
Higoromosou
A representative species of Salvia. The leaves are opposite and broadly lanceolate. In summer, they produce spikes of lip-shaped flowers at the top of the branches. They are commonly cultivated and planted in flower beds. ©Shogakukan Photo by Masatoshi Hirose ">

Higoromosou

Salvia serrata
Native to New Mexico. Bright purple-blue flowers grow in spikes. ©Seishohmaru ">

Salvia serrata

Salvia serrata
A rare species native to Mexico. It blooms in August and September with a few pale blue flowers. ©Shogakukan Photo by Masatoshi Hirose ">

Salvia serrata


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

シソ科(APG分類:シソ科)サルビア属(アキギリ属)の総称で、低木性の多年草。中南米、ヨーロッパの地中海沿岸原産で世界に約900種分布する。一般によく栽培されるのはブラジル原産のヒゴロモソウS. splendens Sellowで、夏の花壇によく植えられる。園芸上は春播(ま)き一年草として扱われ、草丈は30~40センチメートルの矮性(わいせい)種から50~70センチメートルの中高性種まである。葉は対生し、広披針(こうひしん)形。夏、分枝した頂部に唇形花を穂状につける。花色は赤色系が多いが、品種改良が進み、緋(ひ)赤、桃、紫、白、朱赤、複色まである。近年の品種には矮性のドレスパレードのシリーズがあり、花色が豊富で、混植花壇に植えられる。ほかにボンファイア、セントジョンズファイアなど緋赤色系の品種もある。

 ケショウサルビアS. farinacea Benth.はニュー・メキシコ原産で、春播き一年草とされる。明るい青紫色の小花が穂状につき、花穂は細いが穂数が多い。近年、矮性のビクトリア種がつくられた。ソライロサルビアS. patens Cav.は、花は淡青色で、花数は多くはないが、珍しい種類である。

 サルビア属にはこのほか、観賞用以外に薬用や香辛料とするセージがある。

[金子勝巳 2021年9月17日]

栽培

繁殖は実生(みしょう)によるが、発芽はあまりよくない。4~5月、播床(まきどこ)に3ミリメートルほどの深さに種を播き、軽く覆土し、発芽するまでは表面が乾かないようにする。発芽後、本葉6~7枚のころ、日当りと排水のよい所に、20~30センチメートル間隔で移植する。元肥を十分に施し、水も十分に与える。夏の花期が終わったら全体を軽く刈り込み、1平方メートル当り50~80グラムの化成肥料を追肥として施すと、秋から霜が降りるまで咲き続ける。花壇のほか、プランター植えでテラスやバルコニーなどでもよく栽培される。幼苗期に立枯病にかかったり、ヨトウムシの害を受けやすいので注意を要する。

[金子勝巳 2021年9月17日]

文化史

サルビア属は世界に広く分布するが、園芸種のサルビアはブラジル南部の原産で1822年に発表され、同年にはイギリスに伝わっていた。原地では低木状の多年草であるが、一年草に改良されて温帯での栽培が可能になった。日本へは明治20年代以降に渡来したらしく、明治19年(1886)の小石川植物園の植物目録には、サルビアとしてサルヒヤ(香辛野菜のセージ)、ベニノサルヒヤ(北米産のベニバナサルビア)の2種の名があるだけで、現在のサルビアの名はない。昭和に入って普及し、花壇に欠かせない花となった。

[湯浅浩史 2021年9月17日]

『西川綾子著『サルビア NHK趣味の園芸 よくわかる栽培12か月』(2001・日本放送出版協会)』

[参照項目] | セージ
ヒゴロモソウ
サルビアの代表種。葉は対生し、広披針形。夏、分枝した頂部に唇形花を穂状につける。一般によく栽培され、花壇などに植えられる©Shogakukan 撮影/広瀬雅敏">

ヒゴロモソウ

ケショウサルビア
ニュー・メキシコ原産。明るい青紫色の小花が穂状に多数つく©Seishohmaru">

ケショウサルビア

ソライロサルビア
メキシコ原産の珍しい種類。8~9月、淡青色の花を数個つける©Shogakukan 撮影/広瀬雅敏">

ソライロサルビア


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