Mutual access - Sogo nori-ire

Japanese: 相互乗入れ - そうごのりいれ
Mutual access - Sogo nori-ire

This refers to buses or railways operated by different operators operating on the same route. In the case of railways, there is train and vehicle interchange. In Japan, before the nationalization of the railways, government-run and private railway companies often had trains interchange with each other, but after the nationalization of the railways, the major private railways were nationalized, and train interchange became localized. However, after World War II, in large cities such as Tokyo, Osaka, and Fukuoka, measures were implemented to ease congestion by allowing trains to interchange between the Japanese National Railways (JNR, now JR), private railways, and subways. In addition, outside of large cities, there are examples of train interchange between JR and private railways (Izu Kyuko), and JR and third-sector companies (Hokuetsu Kyuko, Abukuma Express, Chizu Express, etc.). In contrast, vehicle interchange is a method of allowing some of the trains to interchange on other companies' lines, and is seen on so-called local and tourist lines. An example of this is when passenger cars from Nankai Railway's Namba Station were coupled to the semi-express (later rapid) "Kuroshio" on the Japanese National Railways Kisei-Nishi Line (now the Kisei Main Line) at Higashi-Wakayama Station and operated. Currently, there are cases where a part of the JR Hanwa Line rapid train (3-5 cars) is split at Hineno Station, entered the Kansai Airport Line, and operated to Kansai Airport Station. In Europe and other places, it is common to couple international train cars to trains operating on other countries' tracks and operate them.

Buses are quite common, and many long-distance buses that run on highways are operated by multiple companies on the same route. For example, in Tokyo, city and suburban bus routes, the inner part of the city was operated exclusively by metropolitan bus companies, while the outer part was operated exclusively by private bus companies, with the Yamanote Line of the Japanese National Railways as the dividing line until the end of World War II. After the war, however, under the guidance of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (GHQ), the two companies began to share routes with each other.

When railways share tracks, each company pays a track usage fee according to the distance of the tracks and the number of vehicles, and through transportation is provided. In principle, crew members change at connecting stations. However, unlike buses, railways are restricted by the gauge. Since each private railway has a different gauge, subways that share tracks cannot standardize their standards even if they are lines of the same railway company. For example, the gauge of the Toei Subway Asakusa Line, which shares tracks with Keisei Electric Railway and Keikyu Corporation, is 1,435 mm, while the gauge of the Toei Subway Shinjuku Line, which shares tracks with Keio Corporation, is 1,372 mm.

In the Tokyo area, there are many other mutual interchanges between the JR Chuo Line, Sobu Line and Tokyo Metro Tozai Line, JR Joban Line and Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line and Odakyu Electric Railway, Tobu Railway and Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line, Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line and Tokyu Toyoko Line, Tokyo Metro Hanzomon Line and Tokyu Denentoshi Line and Tobu Railway, etc. There are also mutual interchanges between the cities of Nagoya, Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe and Fukuoka.

[Oshima Totaro and Harada Katsumasa]

[Reference] | Subway

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

経営の異なるバスや鉄道が同一の路線を運行することをいう。鉄道の場合、列車の乗入れと車両の乗入れがある。日本では、鉄道国有化前には、官設鉄道や私設鉄道各社が、相互に列車の乗入れを行うことが多かったが、鉄道国有化後は、主要私鉄が国有化されたため、列車の相互乗入れは局地的なものとなった。しかし、第二次世界大戦後、東京、大阪、福岡などの大都市で、日本国有鉄道(国鉄。現、JR)、私鉄と地下鉄との相互乗入れによる混雑緩和の方策が実施されるようになった。また、大都市以外でも、JRと私鉄(伊豆急行)、JRと第三セクター(北越急行、阿武隈(あぶくま)急行、智頭(ちず)急行など)との列車相互乗入れの例がある。これに対し、車両の乗入れは、列車の一部の車両を他社線に乗入れさせる方式で、いわゆる地方線や観光路線にみられる。かつての南海鉄道難波(なんば)発の客車が、東和歌山駅で国鉄紀勢西線(きせいさいせん)(現、紀勢本線)の準急行(のち快速)「くろしお号」に連結、運転されたのがこれにあたる。現在では、JR阪和線の快速列車の一部(3~5両)を日根野(ひねの)駅で分割、関西空港線に乗入れ、関西空港駅まで運転する例がある。ヨーロッパなどでは国際列車の車両を、他国の線路を運行する列車に連結して乗り入れる方式が多くみられる。

 バスについては、ごく一般に行われ、高速道路を走行する長距離バスは、その多くが複数企業によって同一路線を運行する方式をとっている。都市および近郊のバス路線では、たとえば東京では、第二次世界大戦終結まで国鉄の山手(やまのて)線を境にして内部は都営、外部は民営のバス会社がおのおの独占的に運営していたが、戦後、連合国最高司令部(GHQ)の指導によって相互に乗入れを開始した。

 鉄道の相互乗入れの場合、各会社は相互の乗入れキロ程、車両数に応じて線路使用料を支払い、連絡運輸をしている。乗務員は原則として接続駅において交替する。ただバスと異なり、鉄道は軌間(ゲージ)の制約を受ける。各私鉄はゲージが異なるので、相互乗入れをしている地下鉄は、同じ鉄道会社の路線でも規格統一ができていない。たとえば、京成電鉄と京浜急行電鉄に乗入れている都営地下鉄浅草線のゲージは1435ミリメートル、京王電鉄に乗入れている都営地下鉄新宿線は1372ミリメートルである。

 東京周辺ではこのほかJR中央線・総武線と東京地下鉄東西線、JR常磐(じょうばん)線と東京地下鉄千代田線および小田急電鉄、東武鉄道と東京地下鉄日比谷(ひびや)線、東京地下鉄副都心線と東急電鉄東横線、東京地下鉄半蔵門線と東急電鉄田園都市線および東武鉄道などのほか数多くの相互乗入れが行われている。また、名古屋、京都、大阪、神戸、福岡各市でも相互乗入れが行われている。

[大島藤太郎・原田勝正]

[参照項目] | 地下鉄

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Cao Kun

>>:  Ossuary - Elephant

Recommend

Transgressor - Imperial

It is also called ōkounin. Yokou was originally a ...

Awa Sanbon

...This process is repeated five times to produce...

Corvus macrorhynchos (English spelling)

… [Yukio Taniguchi]. … *Some of the terminology t...

Hedai (silver bream) - Hedai (English spelling)

A marine fish of the family Sparidae in the order ...

Pajhwok

〘Noun〙 (ba-ji) A pair of pants-like hakama (Japane...

Prairie soil

This name is given to soil that corresponds to pr...

Economic growth rate

The rate at which the size of a national economy e...

Soma [village] - Soma

A village in Nakatsugaru County, southern Aomori P...

Barbaros Hayreddin Paşa

1483?-1546 A 16th-century admiral in the Ottoman N...

Habit of being there

...Most of the stories are told by the shite, and...

Dēlia (English spelling) Delia

In 426 BC, Athens "purified" Delos, rem...

augumenter wing

...There are various types, such as upper surface...

Oura Gondayu - Oura Gondayu

...After the Yanagawa Incident in 1635 (Kan'e...

Primary body color reaction

…A change in body color in an animal caused prima...

Hu Hanmin - Kokanmin

A Chinese politician during the Republic of China...