Calcutta Shipping Conference - Calcutta Shipping Conference

Japanese: カルカッタ海運同盟 - かるかったかいうんどうめい
Calcutta Shipping Conference - Calcutta Shipping Conference

...Cartels between shipping companies on liner routes. They are formed for outbound or return liner routes. The liner market is formed by routes that form an independent supply oligopoly market in which transportation services are provided by a small number of relatively large shipping companies, and it is an inelastic market in which the accumulation of losses due to unprofitable operations cannot be avoided by flexible measures such as ship reassignment and laying up for social and commercial reasons. Therefore, when transportation demand stagnates or decreases and there is an excess of shipping capacity, the competition between the small number of participating companies, which are relatively similar in capacity, often leads to a destructive freight war in which the companies deal painful blows to each other and even risk going bankrupt together. ...

From [International Cartel]

...The act of restricting competition at an international level, or the organization that implements it, in which companies from multiple countries or domestic cartels from multiple countries join and enter into agreements on market division, production restrictions, price fixing, sales conditions restrictions, and technology use and development restrictions. International cartels are said to have begun with the Calcutta Shipping Conference of 1875. This cartel was established after the shipping depression of 1873 with the aim of preventing a freight cut race on the route from Britain to Calcutta, India.

*Some of the glossaries referring to the "Calcutta Shipping Conference" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…定期船航路における海運企業間のカルテル。定期航路の往航または復航別に結成される。定期船市場は,比較的企業規模の大きい少数の海運企業によって輸送サービスが提供される独立した供給寡占市場形態をとる各航路によって形成され,しかも社会的・商業的理由から赤字運航による欠損の累積を配船変更や係船などの臨機応変な手段によって回避できない非弾力的な市場である。したがって,輸送需要が停滞ないし減少して船腹過剰事態になると,少数でしかも力量が比較的接近している参加企業間の競争は,往々にして相互に手痛い打撃を与え,共倒れの危険すら生ずる破滅的な運賃戦争へ導かれる。…

【国際カルテル】より

…複数の国の企業ないし複数の国の国内カルテルが参加して,市場分割,生産制限,価格固定,販売条件制限,技術使用・開発の制限などについて協定を結び,国際的なレベルで競争を制限する行為,ないしその実施機関をいう。 国際カルテルは1875年のカルカッタ海運同盟に始まるといわれている。それは,1873年の海運不況のあとに,イギリスからインドのカルカッタに向けての航路の運賃引下げ競争を防止する目的で成立したカルテルである。…

※「カルカッタ海運同盟」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

<<:  Calcutta Botanical Gardens - A light botanical garden

>>:  Garga Samhita - Garga Samhita

Osm
Osm
Blog    

Recommend

Petrópolis (English spelling)

A city in the central part of Rio de Janeiro State...

Ryuho

A haiku poet of the early Edo period. Nonoguchi. ...

Physical examination - shintaikensa

A physical examination of a person in criminal pr...

Rigel - Rigel (English spelling)

The proper name of the beta star in Orion. It com...

Thunnus albacares (English spelling)

...A marine fish of the Scombridae family in the ...

Amination - Aminoka (English spelling)

The introduction of an amino group -NH2 into an o...

Glass painting - Glass painting

These paintings are made on the reverse side of a...

Kushiro Line

...A 443.8 km JR Hokkaido commercial line that st...

Grilled food - Amiyakiriyori

…Grilling refers to cooking on a net and the uten...

Irish art - Irish art (English spelling)

Some relics belonging to the La Tène culture are t...

Argand, E.

…He also attempted model experiments of continent...

Ouvea [island] - Ouvea

...In French, it is called the Îles Wallis. It co...

Fante Confederation - Fante Confederation

The Fante National Union was formed in the late 19...

Lapithai (English spelling)

In Greek legend, a tribe that lived in the mountai...

Wooden [town] - Kizukuri

An old town in Nishitsugaru District, Aomori Prefe...