On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife were assassinated by a young Serbian maneuverer G. Princip in Sarajevo, the capital of the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina, while supervising a large army maneuver. The assassination was the result of a secret society of Greater Serbians. Since the end of the 19th century, the conflict between Austria's southward expansion policy (Pan-Germanism) and the Serbian national movement (Greater Serbianism) based on Pan-Slavism had been growing in the Balkans. The annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina by Austria in 1908 intensified anti-Austrian sentiment among the Serbs, which led to the assassination of Ferdinand. The Serbian government tried every possible way to avoid responsibility, but on July 23 of the same year, the Austro-Hungarian government issued an ultimatum, and on the 28th of the same month, it declared war on Serbia, which became the direct trigger of World War I. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
1914年6月 28日,オーストリア皇太子フランツ・フェルディナント大公夫妻が,自領ボスニア=ヘルツェゴビナ共和国の首都サラエボで,陸軍大演習の統監途上,セルビアの一青年 G.プリンチプによって暗殺された事件。大セルビア主義者の秘密結社の計画によるものであった。 19世紀末からバルカンでは,オーストリアの南下政策 (汎ゲルマン主義) と,汎スラブ主義を背景とするセルビア人の民族運動 (→大セルビア主義 ) の対立が強まっていた。 08年のオーストリアによるボスニア=ヘルツェゴビナ併合は,セルビア人の反オーストリア感情を激化させ,フェルディナント暗殺に発展,セルビア政府は責任回避のあらゆる方便をとったが,同年7月 23日オーストリア=ハンガリー政府は最後通牒を突きつけ,次いで同月 28日セルビアに宣戦を布告し,第1次世界大戦の直接的契機となった。
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