Shark - Shark

Japanese: 鮫 - さめ

[1] (noun) ① A general term for all animals in the class Chondrichthyes, excluding rays. Their body shape is spindle-shaped or elongated, and their skeleton is made of cartilage. Their body surface is covered with scales called dermal denticles or shields, which have a structure similar to teeth, and many of them are rough. In general, their snout is pointed, their mouth opens on the underside of the body, and their teeth are sharp. They have five to seven pairs of gill slits on each side of their body. Their size varies depending on the species, from the pygmy shark, which is about 20 centimeters in length, to the whale shark, which can reach 18 meters in length. Large species are sometimes called sharks. Fertilization is internal, and they are oviparous, ovoviviparous, and viviparous. Some species, such as the great white shark, are aggressive and attack humans. They are classified according to the presence or absence of anal fins, the number of gill slits, and the shape of their teeth. They are commonly found in warm and tropical oceans. The flesh is usually used for making kamaboko, the fins are dried and used as ingredients for Chinese cuisine, and the skin is used for sharpening files. Season: Winter *Izumo Fudoki (733) Shimane "All the miscellaneous things caught in the northern seas are shihi, ( pufferfish) , shark, and squid" ② Abbreviation of "samegawa (shark skin ) ". *Taiheiki (late 14th century) 33 "A piece of armor just made, a white sword with a shark skin hanging from it" ③ Abbreviation of "samehada (shark skin)". *Zappai/Kakuchi Tonsaku (1709) "Ureku ni/Matata Motodattaga Samekai no" [2] A collection of poems. Seven volumes. Written by Mitsuharu Kaneko. Published in 1937 ( Showa 12 ). A collection of poems that uses highly symbolic techniques to express the spirit of resistance against state power during the period of Japanese militaristic oppression around the time of the Sino-Japanese War. [Glossary] Crocodiles have been recognized as spiritual beings since ancient times, due to their strong vitality and ferocious nature that people fear. It is said that many of the crocodiles seen in ancient documents actually referred to sharks. Even in modern Japanese, there are some areas (Shimane Prefecture and Tajima, Hyogo Prefecture) where sharks are called crocodiles in dialect.

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

[1] 〘名〙① 軟骨魚綱のうち、エイ類を除いたものの総称。体形は紡錘形または延長形で、骨格は軟骨からなる。体表は歯とよく似た構造をもつ皮歯または楯鱗(じゅんりん)と呼ばれるうろこでおおわれ、ざらざらするものが多い。一般に吻(ふん)はとがり、口は体の下面に開き、歯が鋭い。鰓孔(さいこう)は体側に五～七対ある。大きさは全長約二〇センチメートルのツラナガコビトザメから一八メートルに達するジンベイザメまで種類によって異なり、大形種をフカと呼ぶこともある。体内受精で、卵生、卵胎生、胎生などがある。一部の種は凶暴で、ホオジロザメなど人を襲うものもある。臀びれの有無や鰓孔の数、歯の形態などによって分類される。暖・熱帯の海洋に多く分布。ふつう肉はかまぼこの材料に、ひれは乾燥して中華料理の材料に、皮は研磨用のやすりなどに利用。《季・冬》※出雲風土記（733）嶋根「凡て北の海に捕るところの雑(くさぐさ)の物は、志毗、(ふぐ)、沙魚(サめ)、烏賊」② 「さめがわ（鮫皮）」の略。※太平記（１４Ｃ後）三三「只今為立てたる鎧一縮に、鮫(サメ)懸けたる白太刀」③ 「さめはだ（鮫肌）」の略。※雑俳・軽口頓作（1709）「うれにくい・またもどったがさめかいの」[2] 詩集。七編。金子光晴作。昭和一二年（一九三七）刊。日中戦争前後の日本の軍国主義的弾圧の中で、国家権力に対する抵抗精神を高度の象徴的手法によって示した詩集。[語誌]生命力が強く、凶暴な性質が畏怖されるところから、古来、霊的な存在と認められてきた。上代の文献に見えるワニは多く鮫を指したといわれる。現代日本語でも、方言で鮫をワニと称する地域（島根県・兵庫県但馬）がある。

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