Samarra culture - Samarra culture

Japanese: サーマッラー文化 - サーマッラーぶんか

Samarra is an Islamic city located 90 km northwest of Baghdad on the east bank of the Tigris River. During an excavation in 1912-14, distinctive painted pottery was discovered in an underground tomb within the ruins of the city, and it was identified as the type site of the Samarra period of Mesopotamian prehistoric culture. The painted pottery depicts stylized animals such as goats, birds, and fish, as well as humans, in geometric patterns, forming a single composition centered on the bottom of a plate or shallow bowl. Since the first artifacts discovered were mainly excellent painted pottery, they were considered to be imported pottery or luxury pottery, but with the excavation of Samarra-type pottery from layers IV to VI of the Hassuna site, it seemed that many researchers had come to a consensus on the chronology of the Hassuna-Samarra-Halaf period as a northern Mesopotamian prehistoric culture, or the Hassuna-Halaf period if Samarra-type pottery is included in the Hassuna period.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

サーマッラーはバグダードの北西90km，ティグリス川東岸にあるイスラム期の都市遺跡で，1912‐14年の調査の際，都市跡の地下の墓から特徴的な彩文土器が発見され，メソポタミア先史時代文化におけるサーマッラー期の標式遺跡とされた。図式化したヤギ，鳥，魚などの動物と人間を幾何学文のなかに入れて，皿や浅鉢の底を中心とする一つの構図にまとめあげた彩文土器である。初めに発見された遺物が，優秀な彩文土器を主体とするものであったことから，輸入土器とか奢侈土器と見なされたが，ハッスナ遺跡IV～VI層からサーマッラー式土器が出土し，北メソポタミア先史文化としてハッスナ期―サーマッラー期―ハラフ期の編年，あるいはサーマッラー式土器をハッスナ期に含めてハッスナ期―ハラフ期の編年に多くの研究者の合意がえられたかに見えた。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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