Savoie - Savoie (English spelling)

Japanese: サボア - さぼあ(英語表記)Savoie
Savoie - Savoie (English spelling)

A historical region in southeastern France, bordering Italy. It mainly corresponds to the present-day French departments of Savoie and Haute-Savoie. In Italian it is called Savoia. It became the territory of the House of Savoy in the 11th century, and has been part of France since 1860.

The Celts lived here from around the 7th century BC, but the Romans occupied the area from the end of the 2nd century BC. In the 5th century, it was under the control of the Burgundians, and in the 6th century, the Franks. It became part of the Burgundian Kingdom at the end of the 9th century, and was annexed to the Holy Roman Empire in 1032. After that, the House of Savoy came to rule the area. The House of Savoy survived through a tightrope-walking foreign policy, caught between the conflict between the Habsburgs and France, and between the Holy Roman Empire and the Roman Catholic Church. In 1792, a parliament held under French occupation decided to abolish the feudal system and annex the area to France, and in 1796, Vittorio Amedeo III approved this. With the fall of Napoleon I, Savoy returned to the old system under the Kingdom of Sardinia, but the liberal forces were in conflict with the old ruling forces. There were many people who wanted to return to France. During the Italian unification movement (Risorgimento), Napoleon III obtained a secret agreement from Sardinian Prime Minister Cavour to cede Savoy and Nice in exchange for military cooperation against Austria, and in a referendum based on the Treaty of Turin in 1860, Savoy was decided to belong to France. During World War II, it was occupied by German troops, but an armed group called the Maquis was organized and a resistance movement was active.

[Honike Ryu]

[Reference item] | House of Savoy

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランス南東部、イタリア国境に接する歴史的地域。おもに現在のフランスのサボア県とオート・サボア県に相当する。イタリア語ではサボイアSavoia。11世紀以後サボイア(サボア)家の領地となり、1860年以後フランス領。

 紀元前7世紀ごろよりケルト人が住んでいたが、前2世紀末からローマ人に占領されるようになった。5世紀にはブルグント人、6世紀にはフランク人の支配下に置かれた。9世紀末からブルグント王国に帰属し、1032年に神聖ローマ帝国領に併合された。そしてこれ以後、この地をサボイア家が治めるようになった。サボイア家は、ハプスブルク家とフランスとの対立、神聖ローマ帝国とローマ教会との対立のはざまにあって、綱渡り的な外交政策を通して生き延びた。1792年フランス軍の占領下で開かれた議会は領主制の廃止とともにフランスへの併合を決め、96年ビットリオ・アメデオ3世はこれを認めた。ナポレオン1世の没落によって、サボアはサルデーニャ王国のもとで旧体制に戻ったが、自由主義勢力は旧支配勢力と対立した。フランスへの復帰を希望する人も少なくなかった。イタリア統一運動(リソルジメント)の過程で、ナポレオン3世はサルデーニャの首相カブールから対オーストリア軍事協力と引き換えにサボアとニースの譲渡の密約を得、トリノ条約に基づく1860年の住民投票で、サボアのフランスへの帰属が決まった。第二次世界大戦ではドイツ軍に占領されたが、武装集団マキが組織され、レジスタンス運動が活発であった。

[本池 立]

[参照項目] | サボイア家

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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