A noble family in northern Italy. They first became Counts of Savoy, then Kings of Sardinia, and finally Kings of Italy. Their ancestor was Umberto Biancamano (?-c. 1048), who was appointed Count of Savoy by Holy Roman Emperor Conrad II in the 11th century, and gradually expanded their influence into Piedmont. Under Amedeo VIII (1383-1451), they consolidated their control over Piedmont, and in 1416 they were given the title of Duke of Savoy. They lost much of their territory in the Italian wars from the end of the 15th century to the first half of the 16th century, but Emanuele Filiberto (1528-80) regained it in the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrési, and his son Carlo Emanuele I (1562-1630) gained Saluzzo. Vittorio Amedeo II (1666-1732) acquired Sicily in the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) after the War of Spanish Succession, and became King of Sicily in 1717. In 1720, he exchanged it for the Sardinian throne and established the Kingdom of Sardinia. During the Napoleonic period following the French Revolution, he lost Piedmont and only had the island of Sardinia, but at the Congress of Vienna he not only restored his former territories but also added Liguria to his territory. In the Piedmontese Revolution of 1821, Vittorio Emanuele I (1759-1824) abdicated and was succeeded by his brother Carlo Felice (1765-1831). However, since the brothers had no heir, Carlo Alberto (1798-1849), Duke of Carignano, ascended to the throne in 1831. His son, Vittorio Emanuele II (1820-1978), played an important role in the unification of Italy, and became the first king when the Kingdom of Italy was established in 1861. After the assassination of the second king, Umberto I (1844-1900), Vittorio Emanuele III (1869-1947) ascended to the throne. He allowed the establishment of a fascist regime and, after the invasion of Ethiopia, even proclaimed himself Emperor of Ethiopia, but he was later severely criticized for his joint responsibility with fascism and a national referendum was held on the existence or abolition of the monarchy. Just before the vote in May 1946, he announced his retirement and handed over the throne to his son Umberto II (1904-1983), but the result of the vote was abolished by a majority, ending the Savoy family's rule over Italy. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
北イタリアの名門家系。初めサボイア伯,次いでサルジニア王,さらにイタリア王となった。 11世紀に神聖ローマ皇帝コンラート2世からサボイア伯に任じられたウンベルト・ビアンカマーノ (?~1048頃) が始祖で,その後しだいにピエモンテに勢力を拡大した。アメデオ8世 (1383~1451) のときピエモンテの支配権を確固たるものとし,1416年サボイア公の称号を得た。 15世紀末から 16世紀前半のイタリア戦争のなかで多くの領土を失ったが,エマヌエレ・フィリベルト (1528~80) がカトー=カンブレジの和約でそれらを回復,その子カルロ・エマヌエレ1世 (1562~1630) のとき新たにサルッツォを獲得した。スペイン継承戦争後のユトレヒト条約 (1713) でビットリオ・アメデオ2世 (1666~1732) はシチリアを入手,1717年シチリア王となったが,1720年それをサルジニア王位と交換してサルジニア王国を建設した。フランス革命に続くナポレオン支配期にはピエモンテを失ってサルジニア島を領有するだけとなったが,ウィーン会議で旧領を復活したばかりか,新たにリグリアを領土に加えた。 1821年のピエモンテ革命でビットリオ・エマヌエレ1世 (1759~1824) が退位し,弟のカルロ・フェリチェ (1765~1831) が王位を継いだが,この兄弟には嗣子がなかったため,1831年傍系のカリニャノ公カルロ・アルベルト (1798~1849) が即位。その子ビットリオ・エマヌエレ2世 (1820~78) はイタリアの国家統一に重要な役割を演じ,1861年イタリア王国の成立とともに初代国王に即位した。暗殺された2代目国王ウンベルト1世 (1844~1900) のあと,ビットリオ・エマヌエレ3世 (1869~1947) が即位。彼はファシズム政権の成立を許して,エチオピア侵略後みずからエチオピア皇帝を僭称したが,のちにファシズムとの連帯責任を厳しく追及されて君主制の存廃を問う国民投票にかけられることになった。投票日直前の 1946年5月王位を息子のウンベルト2世 (1904~83) に譲って引退を表明したが,投票の結果は君主制廃止が多数を占めてサボイア家のイタリア支配は終わった。
出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
>>: Savoie - Savoie (English spelling)
…However, the theory that it was Miyake has been ...
A volcano on the border between Okayama and Totto...
[Noun] (Suru) 1. For a given function, all functio...
It is a method of sorcery to curse people. The pe...
…The first postage stamps were issued in England ...
A manual agricultural tool with a vertical or obtu...
...However, due to the split of the Social Democr...
…The blame also extended to Song Lian, who, toget...
... For this purpose, it is considered best to or...
A device that uses gunpowder, steam power, spring...
Date of birth and death unknown. According to the...
1923‐ German conductor and pianist. He made his de...
This refers to the work of building a ship, start...
…Basically, a manual balance has a downward blade...
The term generally refers to the Royal Institute o...