Alkibiades (English spelling)

Japanese: アルキビアデス（英語表記）Alkibiadēs

Born: Around 450 BC. Athens
Died 404 BC. Phrygia. Athenian politician and general. Born into the distinguished Alcmaeon family. He was responsible for the defeat of his homeland in the Peloponnesian War. He was a student of Socrates, and was helped by Socrates at the Battle of Potidaea and at the Battle of Delion. In 421 BC, he entered the political world and formed an anti-Spartan alliance against Nicias. After Nicias failed in his invasion of Thrace in 418-417 BC, he proposed an invasion of Sicily, and was elected general over Nicias's opposition. On the eve of his departure, he was accused of blasphemy in the destruction of a statue of Hermes, and was recalled from Sicily, but fled to Sparta. Upon learning of the death sentence, he advised Sparta to send reinforcements to Syracuse and build a fortress at Deceleia. He then traveled to Asia Minor to persuade the Persian admiral Tisaphernes to form an alliance with Sparta. However, he incurred the displeasure of the Spartan king, and encouraged Tisaphernes to make peace with Athens. After failing to negotiate with the Athenian oligarchy in exchange for Persian support, he was recalled by Thrasybulus. On his way back, he defeated the Spartans at Abydos and Cyzicus (411 BC, 410 BC) and recaptured Chalcedon and Byzantium. In 407 BC, he was enthusiastically received by Athens. However, after his subordinates were defeated at Notion in 406 BC, he retreated to Thrace, and after the defeat of Athens, he went into exile in Phrygia, where he was assassinated. Although Alcibiades was a very charming man and had great political and military abilities, he was extremely unprincipled and all his political actions were based on selfish calculations. Socrates was a wise man, and he was a man of great stature, and was the object of the wise men of Athens, Sparta, and Persia.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]前450頃.アテネ
[没]前404. フリュギア
古代ギリシア，アテネの政治家，将軍。名門アルクメオン家の出身。ペロポネソス戦争では故国を敗北に導く原因をつくった。ソクラテスの弟子で，ポチダイアの戦いではソクラテスに助けられ，デリオンの戦いではソクラテスを助けた間柄であった。前 421年政界に進出し，ニキアスに対立して反スパルタ同盟を工作。前 418～417年ニキアスがトラキア遠征に失敗するとシチリア遠征を提唱，ニキアスの反対を押切って将軍に選ばれた。その出発前夜ヘルメス像破壊事件で，涜神罪に問われ，シチリアで召還されたがスパルタに逃げ，死罪の宣告を知って，スパルタにシラクサへの援軍派遣とデケレイアに要塞を築くことを忠告した。さらに小アジアに渡りアケメネス朝ペルシアの提督チサフェルネスにスパルタとの同盟を説いた。しかしスパルタ王の不興を買うと，チサフェルネスにアテネとの和解をすすめ，アテネの寡頭派にペルシアの支援を代価に召還交渉をして失敗したのち，トラシュブロスに召還された。帰途アビュドスとキュジコスでスパルタを破り (前 411，前 410) ，カルケドンとビザンチオンを奪回。前 407年アテネに熱狂的に迎えられた。しかし前 406年部下がノチオンで敗れてからトラキアに退き，さらにアテネの敗北後フリュギアに亡命し，そこで暗殺された。アルキビアデスは人間的魅力に富み，政治的・軍事的能力もすぐれていたが，無節操きわまりなく，彼の政治的行動はすべて利己的打算に基づいていた。そのためアテネ，スパルタ，ペルシアからの信頼を失い，悲惨な最期をとげた。アルキビアデスの行動によってソクラテスの裁判が不利に作用したことは疑う余地がない。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Alkiphrōn (English spelling)

>>: Arginine phosphate (arginine phosphate)