Kagariya

During the Kamakura period, these were lodgings for the samurai who guarded Kyoto as one of the Gokenin (vassals of the shogunate). They were also called Kagariya Guardians. It began in 1238 (Rekijin 1) when Shogun Fujiwara no Yoritsune was staying in Kyoto and set up Kagariya at key points in the city, lighting bonfires at night to maintain peace. After that, they were gradually improved and 48 were set up in the city. They were mostly set up at crossroads where main roads intersected. According to the "Ippen Shonin Eden," the structure was five bays by three bays, with a curtain cloth hanging down and a shield. The construction fee for the bonfire and the fee for the pine trees were separately collected as Gokenin taxes, but those who committed illegal acts were forced to pay the expenses at the rate of 50 kan per 50 cho of land instead of having their land confiscated, and those who were late with their Kyoto Daiban duties were forced to pay 10 kan of money per month. In 1240 (Ninji 1), a tax was also set up in Machitsuji, Kamakura, modeled after the one in Kyoto.

At first, the Ōbanshu served as Kagiya shugo, but later they were selected from among the vassals who had territories in the west, and were put in charge of the Kagiya area together with their families and under the supervision of the Rokuhara Tandai. They were called Gojōkyōgoku Kagiya after the name of the office they held. As residents of Kyoto, they were exempt from other duties such as the Ōbanyaku.

[Katsuo Gomi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

鎌倉時代に御家人(ごけにん)役の一つとして京都の警備にあたった在京武士の宿衛所。彼らを篝屋守護人ともよぶ。1238年（暦仁1）将軍藤原頼経(よりつね)が京都滞在の際、市中の要所に篝屋を設け、夜は篝火をたいて治安の維持にあたったのを初めとする。以後しだいに整備され、市中48か所に設置。その場所はおおむね大路の交差する辻々(つじつじ)に設けられた。構造は『一遍上人絵伝(いっぺんしょうにんえでん)』によれば5間に3間で幕布を垂れ、楯(たて)を備えていた。篝屋造営料、続松(ついまつ)料は別途に御家人役として調達されたが、違法行為のあった者に、所領没収のかわりに所領50丁に銭50貫の割で費用を負担させることや、京都大番役遅怠の者に1か月宛(あて)銭10貫を調達させることも行われた。1240年（仁治1）には京都に模して鎌倉の町辻にも設置された。

　篝屋守護は初め大番衆も勤仕したが、のちには西国に所領を有する御家人のなかから選ばれ、一族家人を率いて篝屋の一所を預り、六波羅探題(ろくはらたんだい)の統轄下に警固の任についた。彼らはその役所の名を冠して、五条京極(ごじょうきょうごく)篝屋などとよばれた。また在京人として大番役などの他の諸役が免除された。

［五味克夫］

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