Born: March 15, 1933, Brooklyn, New York [Died] September 18, 2020, Washington, DC Ruth Bader Ginsburg. American judge and lawyer. United States Supreme Court Justice (1993-2020). Born Joan Ruth Bader to a Jewish merchant father, she was the second of two sisters. When she was 14 months old, her older sister died of meningitis at the age of 6, and by the time she graduated from high school, her mother had died of cancer. After graduating from Cornell University in 1954, she married Martin Ginsburg. After that, while raising her children and caring for her husband who had cancer, she studied at Harvard Law School and then at Columbia Law School after transferring. At Harvard, she became the first female editorial staff member of the law review journal Harvard Law Review, and also worked on editing the law journal at Columbia. She graduated from Columbia Law School at the top of her class in 1959. Despite her outstanding academic performance, she was repeatedly turned down for employment because she was a woman. After clerking for a federal district court judge in New York from 1959 to 1961, she taught at Rutgers Law School from 1963 to 1972 and at Columbia University from 1972 to 1980, where she became the university's first female tenured professor. In the 1970s, she served as director of the ACLU's Women's Rights Project, and as a lawyer, she argued six important cases on the issue of sexual equality before the U.S. Supreme Court. She won five of the six cases, helping to prove that sex discrimination is unconstitutional. In 1980, she was appointed by President Jimmy Carter to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. In 1993, President Bill Clinton nominated her to become the second woman to serve on the Supreme Court, and she was confirmed by the U.S. Senate. She was a member of the moderate liberal minority on the Supreme Court. Ginsburg |
[生]1933.3.15. ニューヨーク,ブルックリン [没]2020.9.18. ワシントンD.C. ルース・ベーダー・ギンズバーグ。アメリカ合衆国の裁判官,弁護士。アメリカ合衆国連邦最高裁判所判事(1993~2020)。ユダヤ教徒の商人を父に,2人姉妹の二女ジョーン・ルース・ベイダー Joan Ruth Baderとして生まれる。生後 14ヵ月のとき,姉が髄膜炎により 6歳で死亡,高校卒業の頃には母を癌で失った。1954年コーネル大学を卒業後,マーティン・ギンズバーグと結婚。その後,育児や癌になった夫の看病をしながら,ハーバード大学ロースクール,転学後はコロンビア大学ロースクールで学んだ。ハーバード大学では法律評論誌『ハーバード・ロー・レビュー』の初の女性編集スタッフとなり,コロンビア大学でも法律誌の編集に携わった。1959年コロンビア大学ロースクールを首席で卒業。傑出した学業成績にもかかわらず,女性であることを理由に何度も就職を断られた。1959~61年ニューヨークの連邦地方裁判所判事の書記を務めたのち,1963~72年ラトガーズ大学ロースクール,1972~80年コロンビア大学で教鞭をとり,コロンビアでは大学初の女性終身教授となった。1970年代にアメリカ自由人権協会 ACLUの女性の権利プロジェクトの責任者を務め,弁護士として性の平等を争点とする重要な訴訟 6件について連邦最高裁判所で争った。6件中 5件に勝訴し,性差別の違憲性を立証することに貢献した。1980年ジミー・カーター大統領によってコロンビア特別区巡回区連邦控訴裁判所の判事に任命された。1993年にはビル・クリントン大統領が,史上 2人目となる連邦最高裁判所の女性判事に指名,連邦議会上院で承認された。最高裁内では,少数派の穏健リベラル派に属した。 ギンズバーグ
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