...In the 20th century, two new physics theories, quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity, emerged. Quantum mechanics provided theoretical tools to explain the light from celestial bodies, and from the 1920s, astrophysics made serious progress. Combined with the development of observations, essential knowledge of the sun, stars, interstellar matter, interstellar clouds, star clusters, and nebulae became available. As a result of experimental and quantum mechanical research on atomic nuclei and their reactions, HA Bethe (1906- ) and CF von Weizsäcker (1912- ) concretely clarified the nuclear reactions in the centers of stars (1938-39), explaining the energy source of stars including the sun and making it possible to study the evolution of stars and the material evolution of the universe. From the 1950s, with the background of precise observations of star clusters and low-energy atomic nuclear experiments, research on the evolution of stars using computers progressed, and this has contributed greatly to the study of cosmology through the origin of elements and the material evolution of the universe. ... From "The Internal Structure of Stars"…However, it was not until the 1930s, when the physics of atomic nuclei had become somewhat clear, that the source of the energy of starlight was discovered. In 1938-39, HA Bethe and CF von Weizsäcker quantitatively demonstrated that in the interiors of the majority of stars known as main sequence stars (including the Sun), at a high temperature of 10 million K, nuclear reactions were occurring in which hydrogen was converted into helium, and that this reaction provided the energy emitted by the stars. After that, the internal structure of not only main sequence stars, but also red giants that have expanded to the size of the Earth's orbit, white dwarfs that have the mass of the Sun but are only as large as the Earth, and neutron stars that are only the size of a mountain on Earth, as well as the structure of the space around black holes that continue to collapse endlessly, were elucidated. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Weizsäcker, CFvon" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…20世紀に入ると量子力学と相対性理論の二つの新しい物理学が興り,量子力学は天体からの光を解明する理論的手段を与え,1920年代から本格的な天体物理学が進展し,観測の発展と相まって太陽や恒星,星間物質や星間雲,星団や星雲に関する本質的な知識が得られるようになった。また原子核やその反応についての実験や量子力学的研究が進んだ結果,ベーテH.A.Bethe(1906‐ )とワイツゼッカーC.F.von Weizsäcker(1912‐ )により恒星中心部における原子核反応が具体的に明らかにされ(1938‐39),太陽をはじめとする恒星のエネルギー源を説明するとともに,恒星進化および宇宙の物質進化の研究が可能になった。50年代からは星団の精密観測と低エネルギーでの原子核実験を背景に,コンピューターを利用した恒星進化の研究が進み,元素の起源や宇宙の物質進化などを通して宇宙論の研究にも大きく寄与することになった。… 【恒星内部構造論】より…しかし星の光のエネルギー源は何であるかがわかったのは,30年代に入って原子核の物理が一応明らかになってからである。すなわち,38‐39年になって,ベーテH.A.BetheやワイツゼッカーC.F.von Weizsäckerは,主系列星という大多数の星(太陽もその一つ)の内部にある1000万Kという高温の下では,水素がヘリウムに転換される原子核反応が起こっており,それが星の放射するエネルギーを供給していることを定量的に示したのである。その後,主系列星だけでなく,地球の公転軌道の大きさほどにまで膨れ上がった赤色巨星の内部構造や,逆に太陽ほどの質量があるにもかかわらず地球くらいの大きさしかない白色矮星(わいせい)や,地上の山ほどの大きさしかない中性子星の内部構造,さらに,どこまでも崩壊していくブラックホールのまわりの空間の構造なども解明された。… ※「Weizsäcker,C.F.von」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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