Arginase - Arginase (English spelling)

Japanese: アルギナーゼ - あるぎなーぜ(英語表記)arginase
Arginase - Arginase (English spelling)

An enzyme that hydrolyzes arginine into ornithine and urea. It acts only on L-arginine and does not perform the reverse reaction.

Arginase is always present in the livers of animals that excrete urea (mammals, reptiles such as turtles, amphibians, and cartilaginous fish). The livers of these animals contain a series of enzyme reactions called the ornithine cycle, which converts highly toxic ammonia into urea, and arginase performs the final reaction of this cycle. It is often not present in bony fish and invertebrates, which excrete ammonia as is, or in reptiles, excluding birds and turtles, which excrete uric acid. In addition to arginine, this enzyme also breaks down canavanine (a type of amino acid extracted from sword beans) and octopine (a type of amino acid found in marine invertebrates). In humans, hyperargininemia due to congenital arginase deficiency is known to occur, in which the concentrations of arginine and ammonia in the blood increase, causing paralysis of the limbs and developmental delays in infancy.

[Kikuchi Takahiko]

[References] | Arginine | Ammonia | Ornithine | Ornithine cycle | Liver | Enzymes | Sword beans | Uric acid | Urea

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アルギニンをオルニチンと尿素に加水分解する酵素。L-アルギニンにのみ作用し、逆反応は行わない。

 尿素を排出する動物(哺乳類(ほにゅうるい)、爬虫類(はちゅうるい)のうちカメの仲間、両生類、軟骨魚類)の肝臓にはかならず存在する。これらの動物の肝臓では、毒性の強いアンモニアを尿素に変えるオルニチン回路という一連の酵素反応系があり、アルギナーゼはこの最終段階の反応を行っている。アンモニアをそのまま排出する硬骨魚類や無脊椎動物(むせきついどうぶつ)、あるいは尿酸を排出する鳥類やカメの仲間を除く爬虫類には存在しない場合が多い。なお、この酵素はアルギニン以外にカナバニン(ナタマメから抽出されたアミノ酸の一種)、オクトピン(海産無脊椎動物から発見された成分でアミノ酸の一種)なども分解する。ヒトでは先天的なアルギナーゼ欠損症による高アルギニン血症が知られており、血中のアルギニンやアンモニアの濃度が高くなり、幼児期に手足の麻痺(まひ)、発達遅延がおこる。

[菊池韶彦]

[参照項目] | アルギニン | アンモニア | オルニチン | オルニチン回路 | 肝臓 | 酵素 | ナタマメ | 尿酸 | 尿素

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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