Treaty of Arras - Arras no wa yaku

Japanese: アラスの和約 - あらすのわやく
Treaty of Arras - Arras no wa yaku

A treaty concluded in 1435 between King Charles VII of France and Philip of Burgundy, which essentially ended the Hundred Years' War. After the Battle of Agincourt (1415), the English army took control of Normandy. In 1419, the cornered Armagnac faction murdered John of Burgundy, fled to the Loire River, and set up their government in Bourges. Philip II, the new Duke of Burgundy, made an alliance with the Lancastrian royal family of England, and in 1420 achieved the Peace of Troyes. In 1422, based on that treaty, Henry, the son of King Henry V of England, became "King of England and France". He became Henry VI. In the 1420s, Philip shifted his attention to the Netherlands, and John, Marquess of Bedford, who represented Henry, set up his government in Paris. Charles the Baldwin, Dauphin of Bourges, gradually washed away his partisan tendencies and became aware of his role as King of France. The Battle of Orléans in 1429 marked a turning point for Charles, who went on the offensive, but avoided a hasty confrontation with the House of Lancaster and first sought reconciliation with the Duke of Burgundy.

In the summer of 1435, an international conference was held in Arras, Artois (northern France). It was a kind of "Congress of Vienna in the 15th century." The conference was led by the Dauphin, now Charles VII of the House of Valois, and achieved his goal of a separate peace treaty between Burgundy and Valois, leaving the House of Lancaster out of the picture. First, they made peace with the House of Burgundy, and then they dealt with the House of Lancaster. This policy was also aimed at keeping the House of Burgundy, which was expanding into the Netherlands and showing signs of trying to separate from the Kingdom of France, under the control of the royal family. The peace agreement, concluded on September 20, required the House of Valois to apologize for the assassination of John, Duke of Burgundy, to grant special exemption from allegiance to the French monarchy for Philip's reign, and to promise the dukes territorial cession, including the transfer of superior lordship over the cities along the Somme River.By making these concessions, the House of Valois was able to prevent the dukes from leaving the Kingdom of France.

[Koichi Horikoshi]

[References] | The Hundred Years' War

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1435年、フランス王シャルル7世とブルゴーニュ侯フィリップとの間に締結され、実質的に百年戦争を終結させた条約。アザンクールの戦い(1415)以後イングランド軍がノルマンディーを支配した。1419年、追い詰められたアルマニャック派はブルゴーニュ侯ジャンを謀殺して、ロアール河畔に逃れ、ブールジュに政庁を構えた。新ブルゴーニュ侯フィリップ2世はイングランドのランカスター王家との同盟策をとり、1420年トロアTroyesの和約を実現せしめた。1422年、その和約に基づいて、イングランド国王ヘンリー5世の息子ヘンリーが「イングランドとフランスの王」を称した。ヘンリー6世である。1420年代、フィリップはネーデルラント方面に関心を移し、パリにはヘンリーの名代ベドフォード侯ジョンが政庁を構えた。ブールジュの王太子シャルルはしだいにその党派的色彩を洗い落とし、フランス王としての自覚に目覚めた。1429年のオルレアンの攻防が転換点となって、シャルルは攻勢に転じたが、ランカスター家との性急な対決は避け、まずブルゴーニュ侯との和解を図った。

 1435年夏、アルトア(フランス北部)のアラスArrasで国際会議が開かれた。いわば「15世紀のウィーン会議」である。会議をリードしたのは王太子、いまやバロア王家のシャルル7世であり、そのねらいとしたブルゴーニュ・バロア単独講和が実現され、ランカスター家は局外に置かれた。まずブルゴーニュ家と和してのち、ランカスター家にあたる。この方針は、同時に、ネーデルラント方面に伸張してフランス王国から離脱しようとする傾きをみせたブルゴーニュ侯家を、王家の統制内につなぎ止めることをねらったものであった。9月20日に成立した和平協定は、バロア家がブルゴーニュ侯ジャンの謀殺について謝罪し、フィリップ一代についてフランス王家への臣従礼を特免し、ソンム川流域諸都市に対する上級領主権の譲渡を含む領土の割譲を侯家に約するものであり、バロア家としては、この譲歩によって、侯家のフランス王国からの離脱を阻止しえたのである。

[堀越孝一]

[参照項目] | 百年戦争

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