Begging for forgiveness

…From this time on, each tribe began to adopt a hereditary system of chieftaincy, forming tribal alliances centered around powerful tribes, and accepting Chinese refugees to advance civilization. During the Jin Dynasty, they advanced into northern China, and during the Five Barbarians and Sixteen Kingdoms period, their tribe, the Murong clan, founded Former Yan, Later Yan, Southern Yan, and Western Yan, the Qifu clan founded Western Qin, and the Tuoba clan founded Southern Liang. The Northern Wei dynasty of the Tuoba clan unified northern China, and the Northern Zhou and Northern Qi dynasties, as well as the Sui and Tang dynasties, were also founded mainly by the Xianbei. Women had always had a high status, and they surprised the Han people by actively socializing. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "Kofukushi" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…このころから各部族でも長の世襲制が始まり，有力部族を中心とする部族連合体を形成，流亡中国人を受けいれて文明化を進めた。晋時代に華北へ進出，五胡十六国時代には，その部族慕容氏が前燕，後燕，南燕，西燕を，乞伏氏が西秦を，禿髪（とくはつ）氏が南涼を建国，拓跋氏の北魏は北中国を統一，北周，北斉をはじめ隋･唐両帝国も鮮卑族を中心に築かれた。もともと女性の地位が高く，活発に社交を行って漢人を驚かせた。…

※「乞伏氏」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報