Emiliano Zapata

Japanese: サパタ - さぱた(英語表記)Emiliano Zapata
Emiliano Zapata

Leader of the peasant army in the Mexican Revolution. A small landowner from the state of Morelos adjacent to the south of Mexico City, he joined the Mexican Revolution led by Madero in March of the following year, 1911, leading the poor peasants. However, after the victory of the revolution, he broke with President Madero, who was reluctant to implement land reform, and in November of the same year announced the "Ayala Plan," which demanded thorough land redistribution and the restoration of communal land ownership, and resumed armed struggle. He continued the struggle even after the counter-revolutionary coup in 1913, and after the victory of the second revolution in 1914, he allied with Villa, who was a poor peasant in the north, and occupied most of the country. However, in 1915 he was defeated by the mainstream revolutionary faction (the Carranza and Obregon factions). He continued guerrilla warfare in Morelos after that, but was assassinated by President Carranza's army in 1919. However, the land reform demands of the Zapata faction were incorporated into the revolutionary constitution enacted in 1917, and thereafter had a major impact on the land reform movement in Mexico.

[Takashi Noda]

"Zapata and the Mexican Revolution" by John Womack, translated by Eiichi Kogo (1970, Hayakawa Publishing)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

メキシコ革命の農民軍指導者。メキシコ市の南に隣接するモレロス州出身の小土地所有者で、1910年マデロの指導するメキシコ革命が始まると、翌11年3月貧農を率いてこれに参加した。しかし革命勝利後、土地改革に消極的なマデロ大統領と決裂し、同年11月、徹底した土地再分配と共同体的土地所有の復活を要求する「アヤラ・プラン」を発表、武装闘争を再開した。13年の反革命クーデター後も闘争を続け、14年の第二次革命の勝利後は、北部の貧農出身のビリャと同盟して国土の大半を占領した。しかし、15年には革命主流派(カランサ派およびオブレゴン派)に敗北した。以後モレロス州でゲリラ戦を続けたが、19年カランサ大統領の軍隊に暗殺された。しかし、サパタ派の土地改革要求は17年に制定された革命憲法に取り入れられ、以後メキシコの土地改革運動に大きな影響を与えた。

[野田 隆]

『ジョン・ウォーマック著、向後英一訳『サパタとメキシコ革命』(1970・早川書房)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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