A polymer formed by low polymerization of monomers, with a molecular weight of 1000 or less. For a polymer compound to exhibit practical properties such as mechanical strength, the molecular weight must be at least several tens of thousands. Oligomers do not exhibit the properties of polymeric substances, and can be separated by vacuum distillation in the same way as general organic compounds. If the polymerization reaction is carried out in a solvent that is prone to chain transfer, such as carbon tetrachloride, extremely low oligomers can be produced. One method of vinyl polymerization is called telomerization (short chain polymerization), in which the chain transfer agent used is called telogen, the monomer is called taxogen, and the resulting oligomer is called telomer. These telomers are separated by vacuum distillation and used as raw materials for various industrial products. [Hiroshi Kakiuchi] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
単量体(モノマー)が低い程度に重合してできた重合体で、分子量は1000以下のものをいう。高分子化合物がその機械的強度などの実用的性質を示すためには、分子量が少なくとも数万程度以上を必要とする。オリゴマーは高分子物質の性質を示さず、一般の有機化合物と同じように減圧蒸留分離も可能である。重合反応を、四塩化炭素のような連鎖移動がおこりやすい溶媒中で行うと、極度に低いオリゴマーを生成させることができる。このようなビニル重合の一方法をテロメル化(短鎖重合)といい、用いられる連鎖移動剤をテローゲン、単量体をタキソーゲン、生成したオリゴマーをとくにテロマーという。このテロマーを減圧蒸留で分離して、各種工業製品の原料としている。 [垣内 弘] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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