Inviolability

Japanese: 不可侵権 - ふかしんけん(英語表記)inviolability
Inviolability

Under international law, foreigners are generally subject to the jurisdiction of the country in which they are currently staying, but there are exceptional cases where they receive more courteous and generous protection than the normal exercise of jurisdiction, and this is recognized as a right known as inviolability. The inviolability of diplomatic agents corresponds to diplomatic privileges. Diplomatic envoys represent the dignity of their home country and, as foreign national institutions engaged in special missions, must exclude intervention by the receiving country and must be treated with respect and courtesy by the receiving country. The receiving country must provide more protection for the person and honor of the envoy than ordinary foreigners, and the envoy's residence and documents must not be violated. Therefore, the arrest, detention, imprisonment, and insults of the envoy are not permitted, and the receiving country must pay particular attention to protecting the envoy and, in the event of any violation, must punish the violator particularly severely. Officials of the receiving country cannot enter the envoy's residence or private residence without the envoy's consent, even to perform their duties, and in principle, the service of warrants is not permitted.

In addition, heads of state, foreign ministers, warships, armed forces, military aircraft, consuls, etc. in foreign countries are also granted inviolability under international customary law or treaties.

[Kazuya Hirobe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

国際法上、外国人は現に滞在する国家の管轄権に服するのを原則とするが、例外的に、通常の管轄権行使以上に丁重に手厚い保護を受ける場合があり、これが権利として認められるのが不可侵権である。外交官の不可侵権は外交特権にあたる。外交使節は本国の威厳を代表するとともに特別の任務に携わる外国の国家機関として、接受国の介入を排除するとともに、接受国は敬意をもって丁重に待遇することを要する。接受国は、その身体・名誉に関しては一般の外国人以上に手厚い保護を与えなければならず、また、使節の館邸や文書はこれを侵してはならない。したがって、使節の逮捕、抑留、拘禁、侮辱などは許されず、接受国はその保護にとくに留意し、侵害ある場合には侵害した者をとくに重く処罰しなければならない。接受国の官憲は職務執行のためでも使節の同意なしには館邸およびその個人的住居に立ち入ることはできず、令状の送達も原則として許されない。

 このほかに、外国にある国家元首、外務大臣、軍艦、軍隊、軍用機、領事などにも、国際慣習法または条約によって不可侵権が認められる。

[広部和也]

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