An alloy whose main component is zinc. Zinc is primarily used for galvanized iron sheets (→ hot-dip galvanizing), but as an alloy, there is a type of alloy developed for die casting called Zamak, whose standard composition is 4% aluminum (Al), 0.8% copper (Cu), and the remainder zinc. Other alloys are also used, such as the ILZO (International Lead and Zinc Organization) alloy, which has more or less aluminum and titanium (Ti) added. It is widely used in automobile parts and other castings that have complex shapes and do not require much strength. Because it has a weakness to intergranular corrosion (→ corrosion of metals), the raw zinc must be of the highest purity, and it is effective to add a small amount of magnesium (Mg). An alloy of 4% Al, 3% Cu with additions of Mg, Ti, nickel, etc. is strong, and is made under various names for plastic molds. A wrought alloy with 0.5% Cu, 0.12% Ti, manganese (Mn), and small amounts of chromium (Cr) is used in the United States for everyday items and building materials. An alloy containing 25% Mn, 15% Cu, and a small amount of Al is used for wear-resistant die casting. An alloy containing 22% Al is used for superplastic processing (→ superplasticity). Although not an alloy, zinc oxide (ZnO) has a wide range of uses as a pigment and chemical. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
亜鉛を主成分とする合金。亜鉛の最大用途はトタン板用 (→溶融メッキ ) であるが,合金としてはダイカスト用ザマクという名前で開発された系統の合金で,標準組成はアルミニウム Al4%,銅 Cu0.8%,残りが亜鉛である。他に Alをふやしたり,あるいは Alを減らしてチタン Tiを添加した ILZO (国際鉛亜鉛研究機構) 合金も使われる。形が複雑であまり強度を要しない鋳物として,自動車部品などに広く使用されている。粒間腐食 (→金属の腐食 ) の弱点があるので原料亜鉛は最高純度のものとし,マグネシウム Mg微量の添加が有効である。 Al4%,Cu3%に Mg,Ti,ニッケル Niなど添加の合金は強いので,プラスチック用金型として種々の名称でつくられている。 Cu0.5%,Ti0.12%,マンガン Mn,クロム Cr少量添加の展伸用合金はアメリカで日用品や建築材に使われている。 Mn25%,Cu15%,Al少量添加の合金は耐摩耗性ダイカスト用。 Alを 22%含む合金は超塑性加工に使われる (→超塑性 ) 。合金ではないが亜鉛華 ZnOは顔料,薬品として広い用途をもつ。
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