Becher, Johannes Robert

Japanese: ベッヒャー（英語表記）Becher， Johannes Robert

Born: May 22, 1891 in Munich
[Died] October 11, 1958. Berlin. German poet and novelist. He started out as an expressionist poet with Der Ringende (1911) (The Struggle), but he became more and more aware of himself as a socialist, and joined the Spartacist League in 1917, and the Communist Party the following year. His style also shifted from expressionism to realism. His collections of poems include Am Grabe Lenins (24) (At Lenin's Mausoleum) and Ein Mensch unserer Zeit (29) (Man of Our Time). He lived in exile from 1933, and lived in the Soviet Union from 1935 to 1945. After returning to Germany, he served as chairman of the East German Cultural League and Minister of Culture. His works include the poetry collections Der Glücksucher und sieben Lasten (38) (The Seeker of Happiness and the Seven Burdens), Als namenloses Lied (As Nameless Songs) (58) (Abschied) (Separation) (40), and the play Winterschlacht (45).

Becher
Becher, Johann Joachim

Born: May 6, 1635, Speyer
[Died] October 1682, London German chemist, physician, economist, and adventurer. Professor at the University of Mainz (1666), later adviser to the Chamber of Commerce in Vienna. Later he went to England, where he worked on transplanting the spinning industry to Austria, and also conducted mining research, contributing to the coking of coal and the extraction of tar. His theory of combustion was that the combustible earth of the three earthy components of matter - vitreous, mercurial, and combustible - is released, and he had a great influence on the formation of G. Stahl's "phlogiston theory." As an economist, he advocated mercantilism. His main work was Actorum Laboratorii Chymici Monacensis, Seu Physicae Subterranea (69).

Becher
Becher, Ulrich

Born: January 2, 1910, Berlin
[Died] April 15, 1990, Basel German novelist and playwright. Active as a journalist in Berlin and Geneva, he wrote plays at the suggestion of the stage director Piscator. Since 1933 he has lived in exile in various places. Many of his works are based on themes of Nazism, exile, war, and political struggle, based on his experiences. His most famous work is the novel Murmeljagd (1969), The Marble Hunt.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1891.5.22. ミュンヘン
[没]1958.10.11. ベルリン
ドイツの詩人，小説家。『苦闘する人』 Der Ringende (1911) で，表現主義の詩人として出発したが，社会主義者としての自覚を深め，1917年スパルタクス団に入り，翌年共産党に入党。作風も表現主義から写実的なものへ移った。詩集『レーニン廟にて』 Am Grabe Lenins (24) ，『ぼくらの時代の人間』 Ein Mensch unserer Zeit (29) がある。 33年から亡命生活，35～45年ソ連に滞在，帰国後は東ドイツ文化同盟会長，文化大臣などを歴任。詩集『幸福を求める人と七つの重荷』 Der Glücksucher und sieben Lasten (38) ，『無名の歌として』 Als namenloses Lied (58) ，小説『別離』 Abschied (40) ，戯曲『冬の戦闘』 Winterschlacht (45) など。

ベッヒャー
Becher， Johann Joachim

[生]1635.5.6. シュパイエル
[没]1682.10. ロンドン
ドイツの化学者，医者，経済学者，冒険家。マインツ大学教授 (1666) ，その後ウィーンで商業会議所顧問。のちイギリスに渡り，オーストリアへの紡績工業移植に従事するとともに，鉱山研究を行い，石炭のコークス化やタール採取などに貢献した。燃焼とは物質中の3つの土性成分──ガラス質，水銀質，可燃質──のうち可燃質の土が解き放たれることとするのが彼の燃焼理論であり，G.シュタールの「フロギストン説」形成に多大の影響を与えた。経済学者としては重商主義を説いた。主著『地下の自然に精通した化学実験室の記録』 Actorum Laboratorii Chymici Monacensis，Seu Physicae Subterranea (69) 。

ベッヒャー
Becher， Ulrich

[生]1910.1.2. ベルリン
[没]1990.4.15. バーゼル
ドイツの小説家，劇作家。ジャーナリストとして，ベルリン，ジュネーブで活躍，演出家ピスカートルのすすめで戯曲を書く。 1933年以降各地で亡命生活をおくった。その体験からナチズム，亡命，戦争，政治闘争をテーマとする作品が多い。代表作，小説『おはじき狩り』 Murmeljagd (1969) 。

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