Sachsenspiegel - Sachsenspiegel (English spelling) German

Japanese: ザクセンシュピーゲル - ざくせんしゅぴーげる(英語表記)Sachsenspiegel ドイツ語
Sachsenspiegel - Sachsenspiegel (English spelling) German

The oldest law book in Germany, it is a codification of the customary law of the Saxony region by Eike von Repgow (c. 1180-after 1233), a knight born in Saxony, based on his experience as a judge in various courts. It was originally written in Latin, but was later rewritten in medieval German, and the latter is the only one that survives. It is estimated to have been completed between 1215 and 1235. It consists of two parts, ordinary law (Land law) and feudal law (Rhenish law), and southern German law books such as "Deutschenspiegel" and "Schwabenspiegel" were compiled following this law book. Although a law book is compiled by a private person, it was treated the same as a law code. "Sachsenspiegel" also became popular as a translation and illustrated book, and influenced not only Germany but also Russia, Poland, Hungary, and other countries, and is an important historical source for the study of feudalism.

[Shosuke Hirajo]

"Sachsenspiegel Land Law" (translated by Masahata Kubo, Takeshi Ishikawa, and Jun Naoi) (1977, Kobundo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツ最古の法書で、ザクセン生まれの騎士アイケ・フォン・レプゴーEike von Repgow(1180ころ―1233以後)が各地の裁判所で参審員として活動した経験を基にザクセン地方の慣習法を成文化したもの。最初はラテン語で書かれたが、のち中世ドイツ語に書き改められ、後者が現存している。1215年から35年までの間に成立したと推定される。普通法(ラント法)と封建法(レーン法)の2部からなり、『ドイッチェンシュピーゲル』『シュワーベンシュピーゲル』など南ドイツの法書も本法書に倣って編纂(へんさん)された。法書とは私人の編纂になるものであるが、法典と同様に取り扱われた。『ザクセンシュピーゲル』も、翻訳本や絵解き本などとして普及し、ドイツのみでなく、ロシアやポーランド、ハンガリーなどにも影響を与え、封建制度研究の重要な史料である。

[平城照介]

『久保正幡・石川武・直居淳訳『ザクセンシュピーゲル・ラント法』(1977・弘文堂)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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