Mosum (English spelling) mŏsǔm

Japanese: モスム（英語表記）mŏsǔm

A type of hired laborer in Korean rural areas, they have existed from the Yi Dynasty to modern times. They lived in the home of their employer and engaged in agricultural work as well as housework. Wages were usually paid in kind, such as food, alcohol, and tobacco, but they were sometimes paid in cash or given a small amount of privately cultivated land. The original character of the mossum was not that of capitalist agricultural laborers or slaves, but rather a form of labor supply based on tributary or debt relationships. However, after the emancipation of private slaves in 1894, the term mossum came to include the traditional 'Ryokyo Slave' (slaves who did not form an independent household but lived in the master's house), making it difficult to generalize the character of modern mossum.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

朝鮮の農村における雇傭労働者の一種で，李朝時代から近･現代にわたって存在した。雇傭主の家に居住して，農業労働だけでなく，家事労働にも従事した。賃金は食事，酒，煙草等の現物形態で支払われるのが普通であり，それ以外に貨幣賃金を支払われたり，若干の私耕地を与えられることもあった。モスムの本来の性格は，資本主義的な農業労働者でも奴隷でもなく，宗属関係や債務関係にもとづく労働力提供の形態であったと思われる。しかし1894年の私奴婢解放以後には，従来の率居奴婢(独立した一家を形成せず，主人の家内に居住した奴婢)をもモスムと呼ぶようになったこともあって，近代のモスムの性格を一概に規定することは困難である。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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