Index - Index (English)

Japanese: 索引 - さくいん(英語表記)index
Index - Index (English)

An index is an index that extracts the main items contained in the main text of a book or a series of books, arranges them in a fixed order to make them easier for readers to search, and shows the pages on which they appear in the main text. Major items include subjects, names of people, names of places, names of documents, words, terms, and names of articles (legal books). Indexes for books are published at the end of the book, so they are also called end-of-book indexes or content indexes. In some cases, series of books or complete collections of works by individuals are published with just the index in a separate volume (general index). Items may be arranged in alphabetical order, alphabetical order, Iroha order, or in the style of a telephone directory based on the on-yomi and kun-yomi of kanji characters.

When creating an index, the pages on which the items are written must be clearly indicated, and the items are selected based on the proof (galley proof) where the number of pages has been confirmed after the first, second, and third proofs. When selecting items, the scope and criteria for the selection items are determined in advance according to the contents of the book, and the proof is marked according to that. The items are written on cards and categorized (such as A-row or Ka-row in the case of Japanese alphabetical order), and the order of arrangement is decided and the manuscript is created. When using a computer, the items are selected in advance when inputting the information, and items are extracted and arranged as necessary. Since the index is part of the work, the author himself should create the manuscript, but in reality, it is often left to the editorial department. Examples of indexes in Japan can be found in the early modern period, but they were limited to specialized subjects and did not become widespread. It was not until the Taisho period that indexes were added to general books. Outstanding works include the "Index of Collected Works" (1916) edited by Mozumetakami and Motsushu Takakazu, the "Index of Japanese Essays" (1925) edited by Ota Tamezaburo, and the "Complete Index of the Manyoshu" (1974) edited by Masamune Atsuo.

Libraries have a system for users to list the titles, subjects, and author/translator names of periodicals such as magazines and newspapers, and arrange them in a certain way. They are called magazine article indexes or literature indexes, and are also called subject indexes in contrast to content indexes for books and series. In addition, when magazines and other publications are combined, the title, author/translator name, volume number, etc. are extracted and a comprehensive catalog is created at the end of the combined volume or in a separate volume.

[Yahagi Katsumi]

"The Story of Indexes" by Toru Inamura (1977, Japan Library Association)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

単行本、叢書(そうしょ)などの本文に記載されているおもな事項を抽出し、読者が検索しやすいように、一定の順序に配列し、本文の掲載ページを示したもの。主要事項のなかには、件名、人名、地名、文献名、語句、術語、条文名(法律書)などがある。単行本の索引は、巻末に掲載されることから、巻末索引または内容索引ともいう。また、叢書、個人全集などは、索引のみ別巻(総索引)にして発行される例もある。事項の配列の順序は、五十音順、アルファベット順、いろは順、漢字の音訓をもとにする電話帳式などがある。

 索引の作成については、項目が記載されているページを明示することから、校正が初校、再校、三校と進みページ数が確定した校正刷り(ゲラ刷り)によって項目の選定が行われる。選定に際しては、本の内容に応じ、あらかじめ選定項目の範囲および基準を設け、それに沿って校正刷りにしるしをつけていく。それをカードに書き取り、大分類(五十音順の場合はア行とかカ行というように)したのち、配列順序を決め、原稿を作成する。コンピュータによる場合は、情報入力に際し、あらかじめ項目を選定しておき、必要に応じて項目の抽出、配列が行われる。索引は著作物の一部であることから、その原稿は著者自身が作成すべきものであるが、実際には編集部まかせのものが少なくない。日本における索引の事例は近世においても散見できるが、その対象は特殊なものに限られ、広く普及するには至らなかった。一般書に索引が付されるようになったのは、ようやく大正期に入ってからである。出色のものとして物集高見(もずめたかみ)・物集高量(たかかず)編『群書索引』(1916)、太田為三郎編『日本随筆索引』(1925)、正宗敦夫(あつお)編『万葉集総索引』(1974)などがある。

 図書館においては、雑誌、新聞など定期刊行物の題目、件名、著訳者名をリストアップし、これを一定の方式によって配列した閲覧者向けのものがある。雑誌記事索引または文献索引といわれ、単行本、叢書などの内容索引に対し、こちらは題目索引ともいわれている。また、雑誌などを合本にした場合、題目、著訳者名、巻号などを抽出し、合本の巻末、あるいは別冊にして総目録が作成される。

[矢作勝美]

『稲村徹元著『索引の話』(1977・日本図書館協会)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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