The theory of truth and fiction

Japanese: 虚実皮膜論 - きょじつひまくのろん

...There is the general view that sees 'xu' as something without substance, a lie, or falsehood, and 'jitsu' as something with substance, the truth, and the Zhuangzi-style view that 'xu' is the transcendental basis of existence, and 'jitsu' is its concrete manifestation. In China, this term was found in ancient philosophical books related to Zhuangzi, and has since been frequently used in the fields of poetry, calligraphy, medicine, military science, and other fields. In Japan, it was mainly used in the fields of early modern haiku and theater, and has become an important concept when describing their views on art, the essence of literature, and theories of expression....

From [Namba Souvenirs]

...This document, famous for its "Theory of the Membrane of Truth and Falsehood," states that "Art is something that exists between the membrane of truth and falsehood. ... False and not false, true and not true, there is comfort in between." It also teaches that in order to breathe life into a soulless puppet, it is important to put emotion into the words, to use words appropriate to each character, and to deform the characters to express their real circumstances and hidden intentions. It also argues that in expressing sorrow, the essence of Joruri, explanatory descriptions should be eliminated, and that "the art's principles are bound by righteousness," meaning that the development of the play should have an internal inevitability. [Ima Tetsuya]...

*Here is a partial explanation of the term "theory of truth and falsehood".

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…〈虚〉を実体のないもの，うそ，偽り，〈実〉を実体のあるもの，まこととみる一般的な考え方と，〈虚〉は超越的な存在根拠であり，〈実〉はその具体的な現れであるという《荘子》風の考え方とがある。中国では古く《荘子》関係の思想書にこの言葉が見られ，以後詩文，書画，医学，兵学等の分野でもしばしば用いられた。　日本では主として近世の俳諧や演劇の方面で用いられ，その芸術観，文学本質論，表現論等を記述する場合の重要概念となっている。…

【難波土産】より

…〈芸といふものは実と虚（うそ）との皮膜（ひにく）の間にあるもの也。……虚にして虚にあらず，実にして実にあらず，この間に慰が有たもの也〉という〈虚実皮膜論〉で名高いこの聞書は，魂のない人形に魂を吹き込むには，文句に情をこめることが大切で，個々の人物にふさわしい言葉を用い，人物の実情･底意を表すためのデフォルマシヨンを行い，また，浄瑠璃の眼目である愁いの表現には，説明的な描写を排して，〈芸のりくぎが義理につまりてあはれ〉，つまり，劇の展開に内的な必然性を持たせるべきだと説いている。【今尾哲也】。…

※「虚実皮膜論」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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