Chromosphere

Japanese: 彩層 - さいそう
Chromosphere

A gas layer 2,000 to 3,000 kilometers thick outside the solar photosphere. It is more susceptible to the effects of magnetic fields than the photosphere, making it suitable for studying solar activity phenomena caused by magnetic fields. During a total solar eclipse, it appears to shine red on the edge of the black moon that hides the sun just before or just after the eclipse. The chromosphere appears red because it strongly emits the red emission lines of hydrogen (wavelength 656.3 nanometers). Stars that are cooler than the sun and F-type stars also have chromospheres, which are useful for studying stellar activity phenomena. Even G-type stars, like the sun, can have fast or slow rotation speeds. Stars that rotate quickly have more active chromospheres and are young stars that have just been born. Stars emit wind from the corona, and over time, their rotation slows down and the activity of the chromosphere weakens.

[Hiei Eijiro]

[Reference] | Spectral type

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

太陽光球の外側にある厚さ2000~3000キロメートルのガス層。光球に比べて磁場の影響を受けやすいので、磁場に起因する太陽の活動現象を調べるのに適している。皆既日食のとき、皆既の直前や直後に太陽を隠す黒い月の縁に赤く輝いて見える。水素の赤い輝線(波長656.3ナノメートル)を強く放射するため、彩層は赤く彩られて見える。太陽より低温の星やF型星にも彩層があり、星の活動現象を調べるのに役だっている。太陽と同じG型星でも自転速度の速いものや遅いものがある。速く自転している星は彩層がより活発であり、誕生して間近の若い星である。星はコロナから風を放出し、時間がたつとともに、自転が遅くなり彩層の活発さも弱くなる。

[日江井榮二郎]

[参照項目] | スペクトル型

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